I-Independence Square eKyiv - imbali entsha iyenzeka apha!

I-Independence Square (Maidan Nezalezhnosti (yaseUkraine) - eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuba yi "Maidan" phakathi kwabemi baseKyiv) yindawo ephakathi yeKyiv kwaye ithathwa njengeyona ndawo iphambili yeUkraine. Indawo yayo eyahlukileyo iyidibanisa nezitrato ezisixhenxe: iKhreshchatyk , iB. Grinchenko Street, iSofiyivska Street, iMala Zhytomyrska Street, iMykhailivska Street, iKostelna Street, iInstytutska Street, iArchitect Gorodetsky Street, kunye neTarasa Shevchenko Lane. Ikwisithili saseShevchenkivskyi kwikomkhulu.

Iinyani zembali

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-945, le ndawo yayibizwa ngokuba yi "Perevesishche" (ekhankanywe okokuqala ngo-XNUMX) kwaye yayiyihlathi lehlathi. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, eli gama livela kwindlela yokuzingela yamandulo apho abazingeli babevala imimandla ethile yehlathi ngeminatha baze babambe iinyamakazi kuyo.

Kwindawo ye-Independence Square yanamhlanje, ngekhulu le-10, ngexesha lolawulo lukaYaroslav osisilumko, kwakukho isakhiwo sokukhusela esibizwa ngokuba yi "Lyadsky Gate". Iingxoxo phakathi kwezazinzulu malunga nendawo ngqo ala masango zisaqhubeka unanamhla.

Ngenkulungwane ye-1803 neye-XNUMX, indawo yesikwere yayingenamntu. Kwisicwangciso esisindileyo esivela kwi-XNUMX ngumakhi we-Kyiv u-Andrey Melensky, i-reservoir eshiyiweyo, ebizwa ngegama elithi "I-Goat Swamp", ikhona kule ndawo. Yayibekwe phantsi kwendawo yangaphakathi yenqaba yangaphambili yenqaba kufuphi neShevchenko Lane yangoku, isitalato saseMalopidvalnaya kunye nePatorzhinsky Street.

Isikwere njengoko sinjalo senziwe ekuqaleni kwe-1830 emva kokuchithwa kwe-rampart yokukhusela kunye nokubonakala kwezindlu zokuqala zokhuni. Yathiywa igama elithi Kreshchatitskaya, emva kwegama lesitrato apho yadityaniswa khona. Ngeminyaka yee-50, izakhiwo zamatye zaqala ukwakhiwa kwisikwere.

Embindini we-1850, amatye e-cobblestones abekwe kwindlela ye-Khreshchatytskaya Square, kwaye ngo-1904 indawo yatshintshwa ngamatye e-cubic granite. Le ndlela yayisebenza esixekweni iminyaka engama-30. Isakhiwo sokuqala esikhulu sezitena sakhiwa ngo-1851. Kungekudala isikwere sazaliswa ziithaveni, iihotele neevenkile.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngo-1871, isikwere sasibambe umboniso ofanelekileyo, weesekisi, kunye nemibhiyozo kawonke-wonke. Ngowe-1876, emva kokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sebhunga ledolophu, isikwere sabizwa ngokuba yi "Dumskaya". Isakhiwo sakhiwe ngokoyilo lomakhi wesixeko saseKyiv uAlexander Shille. Into ekhethekileyo yendlu yayiyiwotshi ye-matte ene-backlight ngokuhlwa. Ngomnyaka we-1913, isikhumbuzo seStolypin satyhilwa kufuphi neSixeko saseDuma.

NgoMatshi 1919, isikwere kwathiwa "eSoviet", yaye ngo-1935 - "Kalinin Square". Ngowe-1922, kwakhiwa ilitye lesikhumbuzo likaKarl Marx apho. Ngexesha elithile, i-N. I. Emva kokwakhiwa kwakhona kweSitrato saseVorovskogo kunye neKalinina Square, imikhosi yomkhosi kunye nemiboniso yomthendeleko yaqala ukubanjelwa kwintsimi yayo.

Ngowe-1941, isakhiwo Duma (emva kwenguquko, iKomiti yeNgingqi yeQela lamaKomanisi (Bolsheviks) yaseUkraine yayimi apho) yatshisa, kwaye indawo yesikwere yanda ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kweKhreshchatyk.

NgoNovemba 6, 1943, ngexesha lokukhululwa kweKyiv ngamajoni aseSoviet, ingcwaba lokuqala likaSergeant Major N. Sholudenko labonakala eKhreshchatyk. Yayimi kwicala lasekunene lesakhiwo esasisakuba yiCity Duma, esatsha ngoNovemba 1941.

Ukwakhiwa ngokungxamisekileyo kwee-tram rails eKhreshchatyk kunye nezitrato ezikufutshane zenze ukuba kube lula ukususa amabhodlo kwindawo ephakathi kweso sixeko kwiinyanga zokuqala emva kokukhululwa kweKyiv.

Ngowe-1944, ukhuphiswano lwabhengezwa kwiprojekthi engcono kakhulu yokubuyisela iKhreshchatyk, izitalato ezikufutshane kunye nezikwere. Ngokwesicwangciso, iKalinin Square yabelwa indima yesikwere esikhulu sesixeko.

Uphuhliso lwangoku lwesikwere lwenziwa ikakhulu zizakhiwo ukusuka kwi-1950 ukuya kwi-1970. Ngowe-1957, kwagqitywa ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sePosi Engundoqo.

Ngomnyaka we-1958, isakhiwo esitsha sokuhlala sakhiwa kufuphi nezitrato zaseMalaya Zhitomirskaya kunye neSofiyskaya ngokwendlela yoyilo lomakhi uFyodor Danilovich Fridlin (umakhi weKyiv Central Department Store).

Ngomnyaka we-1961, isakhiwo sehotele yaseUkraine yakhiwa, okwathi kwada kwayi-2001 yayibizwa ngokuba yiMoscow, njengoko yayifana nezindlu ezivela kuluhlu olwakhiwe ngaphambili kwikomkhulu le-USSR yegama elifanayo.

Isikwere saphinda sakhiwa phakathi ko-1976 no-1981. Ngo-1977 yabizwa ngokuba yi-Okthobha Revolution Square. Ngelo xesha, ilitye lesikhumbuzo lika-V.I. Lenin kunye nemithombo.

Emva kokuwa kwe-USSR ngo-1991, isikwere safumana igama layo langoku - i-Independence Square (Maidan Nezalezhnosti).

Independence Square namhlanje

Esi sikwere safumana igama laso lanamhlanje emva kokubhengezwa kwenkululeko yaseUkraine ngowe-1991. Isikhululo semetro saseMaidan Nezalezhnosti safakwa ekusebenzeni kwi-1976 kwaye yatshintsha igama layo ngendlela efanayo nesikwere. Ngo-2001, isikwere saphinda sakhiwa ngokutsha: imithombo emitsha ekhethekileyo, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, izikhumbuzo kunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla zavela. Imigca emithathu yendawo yokuthenga enkulu "i-Globus" iye yakhiwe kwiindawo eziphuculweyo nakwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba yesikwere.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngeempelaveki kunye neeholide zikawonke-wonke, ukuhamba kwezithuthi akuvumelekanga kwisikwere. Ngeli xesha, iikonsathi, imiboniso, kunye nemiboniso yeeholide ziququzelelwe apha. Iinkwenkwezi ezininzi ze-pop ezivela kumazwe e-CIS, kufuphi nakwamanye amazwe ziye zenza kwizigaba ze-Independence Square. Ngexesha lobuNtshatsheli beBhola ekhatywayo yaseYurophu i-EURO-2012, indawo yabalandeli esemthethweni yetumente ibibekwe apha ukuze ibukele imidlalo yebhola ekhatywayo kwizikrini ezinkulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha isikwere sisetyenziswa njengendawo yoqhanqalazo lwezopolitiko, iindibano kunye nokuvakalisa intando. Kwi-2004, i-"Orange Revolution" edumileyo yenzeke apha. Ngo-2013, "Euromaidan".

Unyaka ngamnye, iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi nangemva kweholide yoNyaka omtsha, umthi omkhulu woNyaka omtsha e-Ukraine ufakwe kwisikwere, uhlotshiswe ngokuhlukileyo ngexesha ngalinye.

Ngokutsho kwedatha yakutshanje, isicwangciso sophuhliso jikelele kwindawo ephakathi yeKiev ibonelela ngokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esitsha, i-48-story high-rise (180 metres), emva kweDnepr Hotel kwi-European Square. Esi sakhiwo sibangela ukungoneliseki phakathi kwabemi abathile, abathi esi sakhiwo asiyi konakalisa imbonakalo ye-Independence Square kuphela, kodwa nayo yonke indawo esembindini wesixeko.

Ixesha liya kudlula, kwaye isikwere mhlawumbi siya kuphinda siphinde siphinde siphinde siphinde siphinde siphinde siphinde siphinde sibe nesiphumo, ekugqibeleni siya kubakholisa bonke abahlali bekomkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kukho iingxaki, i-Independence Square ngoku yeyona ndawo idumileyo kwisixeko.

Izinto ezinomdla kwi-Independence Square:

1. Isikhumbuzo sokuhlonipha ukuzimela kwe-Ukraine.

Embindini wesikwere kukho ikholomu emhlophe ende (iimitha ezingama-52), ethweswe isithsaba somfanekiso wentombazana (iBereginya) enesebe le-viburnum ezandleni zakhe kwisitayela seBaroque sase-Ukraine. Yimbonakaliso engumfuziselo yokuzimela kwe-Ukraine. Ubude obupheleleyo besakhiwo yi-62 m Isikhumbuzo sinikezelwe kwisikhumbuzo se-10 se-Independence yase-Ukraine kwi-2001.

2. Isango lasePechersk (Lyadsky).

Eyona nto iphambili yengxoxo phakathi kwabaphandi bembali yinto ebizwa ngokuba yiLyadsky Gate, isikhumbuzo esikhoyo ngoku kufuphi nedome yeglasi yomgca wokuqala weziko lokuthenga i-Globus. La masango abizwa ngokuba yi "Pechersk". Ilitye lesikhumbuzo li-arch elithweswe isithsaba ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo wengelosi enkulu uMikayeli. Amasango afanekisela amandla kaThixo akhusela iKyiv kwiingxaki.

Izazi zikholelwa ukuba iSango laseLyadskie lakhiwa ngexesha lokwakhiwa kweenqaba zokuzikhusela nguYaroslav the Wise. Laliyenye yeendawo zokungena kwesi sixeko, ezikufutshane nodonga lokuzikhusela, kunye neSango leGolide kunye neSango laseLviv. Kude kube yinkulungwane ye-17, kwasekwa iindawo zokuhlala ezintsha kwindawo ekufutshane neendonga zeKyiv yamandulo kwicala lasePechersk. Phakathi kwemfazwe engapheliyo kunye nengozi, iindawo ezikufutshane zaziyindawo ekhuselekileyo yokuhlala kuneelali ezingaphandle. Ngexesha leMfazwe yaseChyhyryn ngo-1678, le ndawo yayinamatheliswe kwiKyiv yakudala ngudonga olutsha. Oku kwenzeka phantsi kweNkosana uCherkassky, owayelawula imikhosi yaseKyivan ngelo xesha. ISango laseLyadskie lomthi lahlala kwicandelo lalo eliphezulu, ngelixa umnyango omtsha wesixeko, iSango lasePecherskie, wenziwa kwicandelo elisezantsi. Isango lahlala likhona de kwaba ngu-1833, kwaye kamva labizwa ngokuba yiSango laseLyadskie. Isakhiwo esitsha sakhiwe ngenxalenye yelitye, njengoko kuboniswe kukumbiwa kwezinto ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwakhona kwesi sikwere ngo-2001. Amasalela eendonga zamatye zePechersk (Lyadsk) Gate afunyenwe kufutshane nesakhiwo seTrade Union sangoku. Iziqwenga zesiseko selitye sePechersk Gate ziboniswe ngasemva kweglasi kufutshane nesikhumbuzo. Izinto ezimbiweyo zesango elidala zigcinwe ngasemva kweendonga zeendlela ezingaphantsi komhlaba zesikwere. Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwesango laseLyadsk namhlanje akubonisi imbonakalo yakudala yesango laseLyadsk. Ngaphambili, isango lasePechersk lalingenaso isithsaba somlindi wesixeko, uArchangel Michael.

3. Uphawu lwesiqalo sokubala komgama phakathi kwezixeko zehlabathi (zero yeekhilomitha eKyiv)

Isiqalo semigama phakathi kwezixeko zaseUkraine kunye namakomkhulu aphambili ehlabathi. Kufuphi nophawu unokubona ukuba zingaphi iikhilomitha ukusuka kwindawo ethile ekwesinye isixeko. Ibekwe kufutshane nesakhiwo esikhulu seposi yesixeko saseKyiv.

4. Isikhumbuzo kubaseki baseKyiv kwi-Independence Square

Kukho izikhumbuzo ezi-2 kubaseki besixeko saseKyiv. Eyokuqala ifumaneka kwi-Dnieper River Embankment (eNavodnitsky Park), okwesibini kumbindi wedolophu kufuphi ne-Independence Square eKhreshchatyk. Lo ngumthombo wesikhumbuzo, okhanyiselwe ngokuhlwa, ofakwe ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwakhona kwesikwere ngo-2001. Iqukethe imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaKyi, Shchek, Khoryv kunye nodadewabo uLybid.

5. Isikhumbuzo seCossack Mamai

6. Iwotshi ephambili yaseUkraine (ibhodi yoLwazi)

Isiko lokufaka iwashi kwi-Independence Square e-Kyiv yaqala ngokufakela iwashi ngokudayela okukhanyisiweyo kwisakhiwo sebhunga ledolophu ngo-1876. Ngoku iwashi ye-elektroniki enesikrini sombala. Babonisa ixesha elichanekileyo leKiev, umhla, ubushushu bomoya kunye neentengiso. Le wotshi idla ngokusasazwa kwizitishi zikamabonwakude zelizwe ukubala uNyaka Omtsha.

7. Umthombo

8. Ihotele "Ukraine"

9. IZiko loMculo elithiywe emva P.I. Tchaikovsky

10. I-Ofisi yePosi ePhambili

11. INdlu yeeManyano zabasebenzi

12. Isikrini sentengiso kunye nolwazi

13. Idekhi yokujonga

Indawo entle yokubona ipanorama yeKyiv kwaye uthathe iifoto.

14. Ukungena kwiziko lokuthenga iGlobus.

Embindini kukho iivenkile zeempawu ezidumileyo zehlabathi, iiresityu, iikhefi, ukutya okukhawulezayo (McDonald's, Puzata Hata, McFoxy)

I-Independence Square ekwi-intanethi yekhamera yewebhu (bukela ikhamera yewebhu kwi-intanethi Maidan Nezalezhnosti, i-Independence Square e-Kyiv, e-Ukraine): 

Cofa kwiqhosha ukubukela iKhreshchatyk Street kunye ne-Independence Square kwikhamera yewebhu kwi-ONLINE mode.  
Jonga i-Independence Square yaseKyiv kule vidiyo imfutshane:
Cofa iqhosha ukuze ubhalise ngoku kwaye ubeke iodolo yokuhamba okanye ukhenketho ngebhasi eKyiv  
Ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga noMaidan Nezalezhnosti lunokufumaneka kwiphepha leprojekthi Wikipedia.

Ufika njani kwi-Independence Square. Idilesi kwimephu yase Kyiv:
Jonga imephu enkulu 

Eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokufikelela kwesi sikwere ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke kukuhamba ngemetro, ukwehla kwisikhululo se-Independence Square. Ungahla nakweyiphi na indlela yokuphuma kwisikhululo saseKhreshchatyk, kodwa emva koko kuya kufuneka uhambe imizuzu emi-5-7. Jonga imephu yeKyiv Metro.

Sebenzisa ezinye iindawo: Iteksi engabizi kakhulu eKiev , Iifoto zesixeko saseKiev.