Independence Square ku Kyiv - mbiri yatsopano ikuchitika pano!

Independence Square (Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Chiyukireniya) - yomwe imadziwika kwambiri kuti "Maidan" pakati pa anthu okhala ku Kyiv) ndi bwalo lapakati pa Kyiv ndipo limaonedwa kuti ndi bwalo lalikulu la Ukraine. Malo ake apadera amalumikiza misewu isanu ndi iwiri: Khreshchatyk , B. Grinchenko Street, Sofiyivska Street, Mala Zhytomyrska Street, Mykhailivska Street, Kostelna Street, Instytutska Street, Architect Gorodetsky Street, ndi Tarasa Shevchenko Lane. Ili m'chigawo cha Shevchenkovskyi cha likulu la dzikolo.

Zambiri zakale

Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 945, derali linkatchedwa "Perevesishche" (lomwe linatchulidwa koyamba mu XNUMX) ndipo linali nkhalango yankhalango. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, dzinali linachokera ku njira yakale yosaka nyama imene alenje ankatsekera madera ena a m’nkhalango ndi maukonde kenako n’kumapha nyama.

M'dera la Independence Square lero, m'zaka za zana la 10, mu ulamuliro wa Yaroslav Wanzeru, panali nyumba yotetezera yomwe imatchedwa "Lyadsky Gate". Zokambirana pakati pa asayansi zokhudza malo enieni a zipatazi zikupitirirabe mpaka lero.

M'zaka za m'ma 1803 ndi XNUMX, malo abwaloli analibe anthu. Mu dongosolo lomwe latsala kuchokera ku XNUMX ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga wa Kyiv Andrey Melensky, malo osungiramo madzi, otchedwa "Mbuzi wa Mbuzi", ali m'derali. Inali pansi pa gawo lamkati la linga lakale lomwe lili pafupi ndi Shevchenko Lane, Malopidvalnaya Street ndi Patorzhinsky Street.

Malowa adapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1830 pambuyo pa kuwonongedwa kwa khoma lotetezera ndi maonekedwe a nyumba zoyamba zamatabwa. Anatchedwa Kreshchatitskaya, kutengera dzina la msewu womwe adalumikizana nawo. M'zaka za m'ma 50, nyumba za miyala zinayamba kumangidwa pamalopo.

Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1850, miyala yamtengo wapatali inayikidwa pamsewu wa Khreshchatytskaya Square, ndipo mu 1904 pamwamba pake inasinthidwa ndi miyala ya granite ya cubic. Msewuwu unkatumikira mumzindawu kwa zaka 30. Nyumba yaikulu ya njerwa yoyamba inamangidwa mu 1851. Posakhalitsa bwaloli linadzaza ndi malo odyera, mahotela, ndi mashopu.

Mpaka 1871, bwaloli linali ndi ziwonetsero zachilungamo, zamasewera, komanso zikondwerero zapagulu. Mu 1876, pambuyo pomanga nyumba ya khonsolo ya mzinda, bwalo linatchedwa "Dumskaya". Nyumbayi inamangidwa molingana ndi mapangidwe a katswiri wa zomangamanga wa Kyiv Alexander Shille. Mbali yapadera ya nyumbayi inali mawotchi ya matte yokhala ndi kuwala kwamadzulo madzulo. Mu 1913, chipilala cha Stolypin chinavumbulutsidwa pafupi ndi City Duma.

Mu March 1919, lalikulu linatchedwa "Soviet", ndipo mu 1935 - "Kalinin Square". Mu 1922, chipilala cha Karl Marx chinamangidwa kumeneko. Kwa nthawi ndithu, N. I. Pambuyo pomanganso msewu wa Vorovskogo ndi Kalinina Square utatha, ziwonetsero zankhondo ndi ziwonetsero za zikondwerero zinayamba kuchitika m'gawo lake.

Mu 1941, nyumba ya Duma (pambuyo pa chisinthiko, Komiti Yachigawo ya Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu (Bolsheviks) ya Ukraine inali kumeneko) inawotchedwa, ndipo dera la square linawonjezeka chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa Khreshchatyk.

Pa November 6, 1943, pa kumasulidwa kwa Kyiv ndi asilikali a Soviet, manda oyambirira a Sergeant Major N. Sholudenko anawonekera pa Khreshchatyk. Inali kumanja kwa nyumba yakale ya City Duma, yomwe idawotchedwa mu Novembala 1941.

Kumanga mwachangu njanji za tram ku Khreshchatyk ndi misewu yapafupi kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kuchotsa mabwinja apakati pa mzindawo m'miyezi yoyamba kumasulidwa kwa Kyiv.

Mu 1944, mpikisano unalengezedwa kuti ntchito yabwino yobwezeretsanso Khreshchatyk, misewu yapafupi ndi mabwalo. Malinga ndi dongosolo, Kalinin Square anapatsidwa udindo wa lalikulu lalikulu la mzinda.

Kukula kwamakono kwa malowa kumapangidwa makamaka ndi nyumba kuyambira 1950s mpaka 1970s. Mu 1957, ntchito yomanga nyumba ya Main Post Office inamalizidwa.

Mu 1958, nyumba yatsopano yogona inamangidwa pafupi ndi misewu ya Malaya Zhitomirskaya ndi Sofiyskaya malinga ndi mapangidwe a katswiri wa zomangamanga Fyodor Danilovich Fridlin (wojambula wa Kyiv Central Department Store).

Mu 1961, nyumba ya Ukraine Hotel inamangidwa, yomwe mpaka 2001 idatchedwa Moscow, monga momwe zinalili ndi nyumba za mndandanda womwe unamangidwa kale ku likulu la USSR la dzina lomwelo.

Malowa adamangidwanso pakati pa 1976 ndi 1981. Mu 1977 idatchedwanso October Revolution Square. Pa nthawiyo, chipilala cha V.I. Lenin ndi akasupe.

Pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR mu 1991, lalikulu analandira dzina panopa - Independence Square (Maidan Nezalezhnosti).

Independence Square lero

Malowa adalandira dzina lamakono pambuyo polengeza ufulu wa Ukraine mu 1991. Sitima ya metro ya Maidan Nezalezhnosti idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1976 ndipo idasintha dzina lake mofanana ndi lalikulu. Mu 2001, malowa adamangidwanso komaliza: akasupe atsopano apadera, ziboliboli, zipilala ndi zinthu zina zosangalatsa zidawonekera. Mizere itatu ya malo akuluakulu ogulitsa "Globus" yamangidwa m'madera okonzedwa bwino komanso pansi pa nthaka.

Nthawi zambiri, Loweruka ndi Lamlungu ndi tchuthi, magalimoto amaletsedwa pabwalo. Panthawiyi, ma concert, ziwonetsero, ndi ziwonetsero za tchuthi zimakonzedwa pano. Osewera ambiri a pop ochokera kumayiko a CIS, pafupi ndi akunja achita nawo gawo la Independence Square. Pampikisano wa Mpira wa ku Europe EURO-2012, malo owonera masewerawa anali pano kuti aziwonera masewera a mpira pamasewera akulu.

Nthawi zina bwaloli limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la zionetsero za ndale, misonkhano, ndi ziwonetsero. Mu 2004, "Orange Revolution" inachitika pano. Mu 2013, "Euromaidan".

Chaka chilichonse, masabata angapo asanafike komanso pambuyo pa tchuthi cha Chaka Chatsopano, mtengo waukulu kwambiri wa Chaka Chatsopano ku Ukraine umayikidwa pamtunda, wokongoletsedwa mosiyana nthawi iliyonse.

Malinga ndi deta yaposachedwa, dongosolo lachitukuko chapakati pa Kiev limapereka ntchito yomanga nyumba yatsopano, malo okwera 48 (mamita 180), kumbuyo kwa Dnepr Hotel pa European Square. Kapangidwe kameneka kamayambitsa kusakhutira pakati pa nzika zina, zomwe zimati nyumbayi iwononga mawonekedwe a Independence Square, komanso gawo lonse lapakati la mzindawo.

Nthawi idzapita, ndipo malowa adzamangidwanso kangapo, zomwe zotsatira zake zidzakondweretsa onse okhala mumzindawu. Komabe, ngakhale pali mavuto, Independence Square tsopano ndi malo otchuka kwambiri mumzindawu.

Zinthu zosangalatsa pa Independence Square:

1. Chikumbutso polemekeza ufulu wa Ukraine.

Pakatikati mwa bwaloli pali chipilala choyera (mamita 52), chovekedwa korona ndi chithunzi cha mtsikana (Bereginya) wokhala ndi nthambi ya viburnum m'manja mwake mumayendedwe a Baroque aku Ukraine. Ndi chizindikiro chophiphiritsira cha ufulu wa Ukraine. Kutalika konse kwa nyumbayi ndi 62 m Chikumbutsochi chinaperekedwa ku chikondwerero cha 10 cha Ufulu wa Ukraine mu 2001.

2. Pechersk (Lyadsky) Chipata

Chinthu chachikulu chotsutsana pakati pa ofufuza a mbiri yakale ndi chotchedwa Lyadsky Gate, chipilala chomwe chili pafupi ndi dome la galasi la mzere woyamba wa Globus Shopping Center. Zipata izi zimatchedwanso "Pechersk". Chipilalacho ndi chipilala chovekedwa korona ndi chosema cha Mngelo wamkulu Mikayeli. Zipata zikuyimira mphamvu yaumulungu yoteteza Kyiv ku zovuta.

Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti Chipata cha Lyadskie chinamangidwa panthawi yomanga mipanda yoteteza ndi Yaroslav Wanzeru. Chinali chimodzi mwa malo olowera mumzindawu, chomwe chinali m'mbali mwa linga la chitetezo, pamodzi ndi Chipata cha Golden ndi Chipata cha Lviv. Mpaka m'zaka za m'ma 1600, midzi yatsopano idakhazikitsidwa m'dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi makoma a Kyiv wakale kumbali ya Pechersk. Pakati pa nkhondo ndi zoopsa zosalekeza, madera apafupi anali malo otetezeka okhala kuposa midzi yakunja. Pa Nkhondo ya Chyhyryn mu 1678, derali linalumikizidwa ku Old Kyiv ndi linga latsopano. Izi zinachitika pansi pa Kalonga Cherkassky, yemwe ankalamulira asilikali a Kyivan panthawiyo. Chipata cha Lyadskie chamatabwa chinali m'gawo lake lapamwamba, pomwe khomo latsopano lolowera mumzindawo, Chipata cha Pecherskie, linapangidwa m'gawo lapansi. Chipatacho chinakhalabe pamalo ake mpaka 1833, ndipo pambuyo pake chinatchedwa Chipata cha Lyadskie. Kapangidwe katsopano kameneka kanamangidwa pang'ono ndi miyala, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi kufukula zinthu zakale panthawi yomanganso bwalo lalikulu mu 2001. Zotsalira za makoma a miyala a Chipata cha Pechersk (Lyadsk) zinapezeka pafupi ndi nyumba ya Trade Union yomwe ilipo pano. Zidutswa za maziko a miyala a Chipata cha Pechersk zikuwonetsedwa kumbuyo kwa galasi pafupi ndi chipilalacho. Kufukula kwenikweni kwa chipata chakale kunasungidwa kumbuyo kwa makoma a njira zapansi panthaka za bwaloli. Kumangidwanso kwamakono kwa Chipata cha Lyadsk sikukuwonetsa mawonekedwe akale a Chipata cha Lyadsk. Kale, Chipata cha Pechersk sichinali ndi chifaniziro cha woyera mtima wa mzindawo, Mngelo Wamkulu Mikayeli.

3. Chizindikiro cha chiyambi cha mtunda wowerengera pakati pa mizinda yapadziko lapansi (ziro kilomita ku Kyiv)

Poyambira mtunda pakati pa mizinda ya Ukraine ndi mitu yayikulu yapadziko lonse lapansi. Pafupi ndi chizindikirocho mutha kuwona kutalika kwa makilomita angapo kuchokera pamalo omwe mzinda wina uli. Ili pafupi ndi nyumba yayikulu ya positi ya mzinda wa Kyiv.

4. Chipilala kwa omwe adayambitsa Kyiv pa Independence Square

Pali zipilala za 2 kwa omwe adayambitsa mzindawu ku Kyiv. Yoyamba ili pa Dnieper River Embankment (ku Navodnitsky Park), yachiwiri ili pakatikati pa mzinda pafupi ndi Independence Square pa Khreshchatyk. Ichi ndi chipilala-kasupe, kuunikira madzulo, anaika pa kumangidwanso kwa lalikulu mu 2001. Amakhala ziboliboli Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv ndi mlongo wawo Lybid.

5. Chikumbutso cha Cossack Mamai

6. Wotchi yaikulu ya Ukraine (Bodi Information)

Chizoloŵezi choyika wotchi pa Independence Square ku Kyiv chinayamba ndi kuyika koloko ndi kuyimba kowala pa nyumba ya khonsolo ya mzinda mu 1876. Tsopano ndi wotchi yamagetsi yokhala ndi chophimba chamtundu. Amawonetsa nthawi yeniyeni ya Kiev, tsiku, kutentha kwa mpweya ndi malonda. Nthawi zambiri wotchiyi imaulutsidwa pawailesi yakanema yapakati pa dzikolo powerengera Chaka Chatsopano.

7. Kasupe

8. Hotelo "Ukraine"

9. Music Academy dzina lake pambuyo P.I. Tchaikovsky

10. Ofesi Yaikulu ya Positi

11. Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Antchito

12. Kutsatsa ndi chidziwitso chowonekera

13. Denga lowonera

Malo abwino kuti muwone panorama ya Kyiv ndikujambula zithunzi.

14. Malo olowera kumalo ogulitsira a Globus.

Pakatikati pali masitolo amitundu yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, malo odyera, malo odyera, zakudya zofulumira (McDonald's, Puzata Hata, McFoxy)

Independence Square pa intaneti webcam (onani pa intaneti cam Maidan Nezalezhnosti, Independence Square ku Kyiv, Ukraine): 

Dinani batani kuti muwone Khreshchatyk Street ndi Independence Square pa webukamu mumayendedwe a ONLINE  
Onani Kyiv's Independence Square muvidiyo yayifupi iyi:
Dinani batani kuti mulembetse tsopano ndikuyitanitsa maulendo apansi kapena mabasi ku Kyiv  
Zambiri za Maidan Nezalezhnosti zitha kupezeka patsamba la polojekiti Wikipedia.

Momwe mungafikire ku Independence Square. Adilesi pa mapu a Kyiv:
Onani Mapu Aakulu 

Njira yachangu kwambiri yofikira pabwaloli ndi mayendedwe apagulu ndi ya metro, kutsika pa siteshoni ya Independence Square. Muthanso kutsika panjira iliyonse yotulukira pa siteshoni ya Khreshchatyk, koma kenako muyenera kuyenda kwa mphindi 5-7. Onani mapu a Kyiv Metro.

Gwiritsani ntchito magawo ena: Taxi yotsika mtengo ku Kiev , Zithunzi za mzinda wa Kiev.