Khreshchatyk ndi msewu wotchuka kwambiri ku Kyiv

Khreshchatyk (Chiyukireniya: Хресчатик) ndiye msewu wapakati pa likulu la Ukraine. Imadutsa mabwalo atatu, imayambira ku European Square, kuwoloka Independence Square ndikukathera ku Bessarabskaya Square. Kutalika konse ndi mamita 3, m'madera ena kufika mamita 1225 m'lifupi. Msewuwu ndi wautali mamita 100. Kumbali zonse za msewu, mitengo imabzalidwa motsatira, kumbuyo kwawo kuli misewu ya mita 24. Kumanzere, pafupifupi kutalika konse kwa Khreshchatyk, pali boulevard yokhala ndi mitengo ya mgoza. Nthawi zina alendo amatcha malowa, omwe akuphatikizapo Khreshchatyk, "Khreshchatyk" Independence Square (Maidan) ndi zigawo za misewu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi Khreshchatyk (Institutskaya, Architect Gorodetsky, Proreznaya, Bohdan Khmelnitsky). Mu chilankhulo cha achinyamata a Kiev, mawu akuti "Krest" amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti, Khreshchatyk. msewu uli m'zigawo ziwiri za mzinda: Pechersk ndi Shevchenkivskyi. Poyerekeza ndi misewu ina m'mizinda ikuluikulu, Khreshchatyk ndi umodzi mwamisewu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yayifupi kwambiri padziko lapansi. Msewu umatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha mzinda wa Kyiv, monga, mwachitsanzo, Champs Elysees ku Paris kapena Red Square ku Moscow.

Chiyambi cha dzina la msewu

Palibe mgwirizano pakati pa akatswiri okhudzana ndi chiyambi chenicheni cha dzina la msewu. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu.

Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti dzina lakuti "Khreshchatyk" limatanthauza malo omwe mtsinjewo umayenda. Monga mbiri ikunena, Kalonga wa Rus Vladimir anabatiza ana ake onse pano.

Lingaliro lachiwiri likuti dzina la msewuwu limachokera kudera lomwe lili pafupifupi pakati pa European Square ndi Independence Square. Malowa ankadziwika kuti "Perevesishche" ndipo kunalibe anthu. Inali nkhalango yowirira momwe akalonga, ndipo pambuyo pake a Kievan, ankasaka nyama zing’onozing’ono ndi mbalame pogwiritsa ntchito “perevesy” (misampha ya nyama zakuthengo imene inapachikidwa pakati pa mitengo). Mtsinje unatuluka m'nyanjayi m'dera la Independence Square lero, lomwe linagwirizanitsa ndi Klovsky Stream (yomwe inkalowa mumtsinje wa Lybed) m'dera la Basseynaya Street. M'zaka za m'ma 1700, derali limatchedwa Kreshchataya Dolina. Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, dzina la Khreshchatyk liribe kanthu kochita ndi ubatizo wa Rus, koma linachokera kuoloka ndi zigwa zina kapena mitsinje: kuwoloka, kapena Khreshchaty Yar, ndiko kuti, Khreshchatyk. Kenako, chigwa chikugwirizana (anawoloka) mbali zitatu zazikulu za mzinda wa Kyiv: Podil, Upper City ndi Pechersk.

Mbiri ya Khreshchatyk Street

Mwa lamulo lachifumu, malonda apachaka (makontrakitala) adasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Dubno kupita ku Kyiv. Izi zinayambitsa kuchuluka kwa malikulu mu mzindawu.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, Khreshchatyk inali pa kusiyana pakati pa mabwalo awiri, koma pambuyo pomanga siteshoni ya sitimayo, inafika ku Bessarabskaya Market Square ndi Bibikovsky Boulevard yopita ku siteshoni (yomwe tsopano ndi Taras Shevchenko Boulevard).

Mu 1797, nyumba yoyamba idawonekera m'chigwa cha Kreshchataya. Nyumba yachifumu yokhala ndi miyala iwiri yokhala ndi malo Onufy Golovinsky idamangidwa mwanjira yachikale. Mpaka nthawi imeneyi, panalibe nyumba imodzi m'dera la Khreshchatyk. Pamene chitukuko cha madera ozungulira chinayamba, akuluakulu aboma poyamba sanatsutse malo a chilungamo pano, kumene masewero a circus ndi zikondwerero zapagulu zinkachitikira. Koma posakhalitsa, mu 1874, malo ogulitsira anasamukira ku Bessarabskaya Square. Pambuyo pake, malo okwana 118 anaperekedwa kuti amange m’derali, amene poyamba anapatsidwa kwa oimira gulu lolamulira, ndipo kenaka kwa amalonda, anthu a m’tauni ndi akuluakulu aang’ono.

Momwe Khreshchatyk Street idayambira kumapeto kwa 1873th - koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 1869. Malo ozungulira European (omwe kale anali Konnaya) Square anali oyamba kumangidwa. Ntchito yomanga inachitika makamaka kumanja kwa Khreshchatyk mpaka Proreznaya Street. Posakhalitsa mbali ya kumanzere kwa msewu nayonso inayamba kumangidwa. Pafupifupi nyumba zonse za Khreshchatyk zinali nyumba zogona, kupatulapo nyumba yoyamba ya Kyiv (yopangidwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga Andrey Ivanovich Melensky). Pambuyo pomanga nyumbayi, msewuwu unatchedwa Teatralnaya. Pofika kumapeto kwa 3, ntchito yomanga msewu inafika pa Bessarabskaya Square. Mu 4 msewu waukulu wa Kyiv unatchedwa Khreshchatitskaya, kenako - Khreshchatyk. Isanafike Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi, pa Khreshchatyk panali nyumba za 35 ndi XNUMX-nsanjika. M’lifupi mwa msewu panthawiyo unali pafupifupi mamita XNUMX.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1892, Khreshchatyk wakale anali pafupi kumangidwa. Nthawi zambiri masitolo, mabanki ndi maofesi amakhala pano. Mu 1914, mzere woyamba wamagetsi wamagetsi mu Ufumu wa Russia unayikidwa mumsewu, kulumikiza Khreshchatyk ndi Podol kudzera ku Vladimirsky Descent. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, Nyumba ya Russian Inshuwalansi Society inamangidwa pakona ya Khreshchatyk ndi Proreznaya (wojambula Vladislav Gorodetsky). Mu XNUMX, "Kiev Passage" inamangidwa (wojambula Pavel Andreev), msewu wa msewu wokhala ndi njira pakati, yomwe inalumikizidwa ndi zipata. Nyumba ya Passage inawonongedwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndipo kenako inamangidwanso. Pazaka izi, nyumba za msika wa Bessarabian ndi Msonkhano wa Amalonda (National Philharmonic of Ukraine).

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1936, nyumba za Khreshchatyk Street zinali ndi madzi, zimbudzi, ndi zothandizira: gasi, magetsi. Munthawi ya Soviet kuyambira 1941-XNUMX, tram line idachotsedwa ndipo msewu wamwala unasinthidwa ndi phula. Mayendedwe atsopano, amakono, trolleybus, ayamba kugwira ntchito mumsewu. Mitengo inabzalidwa ndipo nyali zinayikidwa kumbali zonse za Khreshchatyk. Pansi pa nyumbazi nthawi zambiri munkakhala masitolo. Pambuyo pake, Central Department Store idawonekera. Ntchitoyo itamaliza, Khreshchatyk inakhala msewu waukulu ku Kyiv. Muli nyumba zoyang'anira, mahotela abwino kwambiri, malo owonetsera zisudzo ndi malo owonera makanema.

Panthawi ya Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lathu, pamene mabomba opangidwa ndi NKVD anaphulika, pakati pa Kyiv anasanduka mabwinja. Nyumba zoposa 300 ku Khreshchatyk ndi misewu yapafupi zinaphulitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa. Pambuyo pa kumasulidwa kwa Kyiv ku ntchito mu 1943, ntchito yokonzanso mzindawu inayamba. Mu 1948, pulojekiti yokhazikitsa ndondomeko yomanga nyumba ya Khreshchatyk inayamba. Malowa adamangidwanso poyesa kusunga misewu yoyambirira, koma nyumba zatsopano zidamangidwa mumayendedwe a "Stalinist Empire".

Masiku ano, Khreshchatyk imamangidwa molingana ndi dongosolo limodzi la zomangamanga. M'lifupi mwa msewu wawonjezeka kufika mamita 75 Msewuwu ndi 24 m, misewu iwiri ndi 14 m iliyonse, yolekanitsidwa ndi msewu ndi mzere wa mitengo, ndi boulevard ya chestnut kumanja. Malinga ndi malingaliro okonzekera mizinda, Khreshchatyk yamakono ndi yapadera. Nyumba zoyang'anira zomangidwa mumayendedwe a Soviet (kumanja, ngakhale mbali) zimalumikizidwa ndi boulevard (yosamvetseka, kumanzere). Arc yoyang'anira (kupindika pakati pa msewu) ndi mapiri aatali kumbali zonse ziwiri zimapatsa Khreshchatyk kukhazikika kwake.

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, magalimoto amaletsedwa Loweruka ndi Lamlungu komanso tchuthi chapagulu ku Khreshchatyk. Msewu umakhala woyenda pansi.

Zithunzi za Khreshchatyk

Nyumba ndi mabungwe:

• No. 1 - Hotel "Dnepr"

• No. 2 - Nyumba ya Chiyukireniya

• No. 4 - bungwe lazofalitsa za UNIAN

• Na. 6 — “Sachs House” (wojambula J. Zekzer, 1911-14)

• No. 7/11 - Central Union of Consumer Societies of Ukraine

• No. 8 - Kumanga kwa St. Petersburg Bank (1911-1914, katswiri wa zomangamanga L. Benois)

• No. 10 - Kumanga kwa Volga-Kama Bank (1912-1913, womanga P. Andreev)

• No. 10-b — “Maphunziro Achinyamata” ndi gulu la akonzi la “Mawu a Maphunziro” a mlungu ndi mlungu

• No. 14 - Hotel "Khreshchatyk"

• No. 15 - Passage (1913-1914, womanga P. Andreev)

• No. 15 - Museum Museum - nyumba ya B.R.Gmyri

• No. 16 - Nyumba Yamabungwe a Amalonda

• No. 19 - malo apansi a siteshoni ya metro ya Khreshchatyk (1960)

• No. 22 - Kyiv Main Post Office ndi Postal Museum

• No. 24 - Ndondomeko ya Utumiki wa Agrarian

• No. 25 — “Nyumba Ili ndi Nyenyezi” (1954)

• No. 26 - Komiti ya Boma ya Televizioni ndi Kuwulutsa Wailesi

• No. 27a - National Union of Journalists of Ukraine

• No. 30 - Utumiki wa Mphamvu ndi Makala a malasha

• No. 32 - Kumanga kwa Russian Bank for Foreign Trade (1913-1915, womanga F.I. Lidval)

• No. 36 - Nyumba ya Kyiv City Council ndi Kyiv City State Administration (1952-1957)

• No. 38 - Central Department Store (TSUM)

• No. 40 - Nyumba ya Canet Hotel (1873)

• No. 42 - Tenement house (1894-1895)

• No. 42a - Khoti Lachigawo la Pechersk la Kyiv

• No. 44 - Nyumba yanyumba (1858, 1884, 1895, 1899-1900)

• No. 46 - Tenement house (1872-1874)

• No. 48 - Nyumba yachinyumba (chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX)

• No. 50-b - Artic and Concert Center yotchedwa I. Kozlovsky wa National Operetta ya Ukraine

• No. 52 - Tenement house (1875-1876)

Памятники

• Vladislav Gorodetsky (Khreshchatyk, 15)

Zinthuzo

• Bessarabskaya sq., 2 – “Bessarabsky msika”

• siteshoni ya metro "Independence Square"

• "Nyumba-Museum ya T. G. Shevchenko" - trans. T. Shevchenko, 8.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zokopazi zitha kuwerengedwa mosavuta Wikipedia.

Tiye tiyende limodzi kapena"Kumapeto kwa sabata ku Khreshchatyk»

Munthu aliyense kuyendera likulu la Ukraine kwa nthawi yoyamba amafuna kuona misewu chapakati, kumva mphamvu ya mzindawo, ndi kumva kukoma kwanuko. Khreshchatyk ndi malo oyenera ku Kyiv pachifukwa ichi.

Pa tchuthi ndi kumapeto kwa sabata, Khreshchatyk Street imatsekedwa ndi magalimoto. Panthawi yomwe amatchedwa "maola abizinesi" ndi njira yochitira bizinesi, ndipo kumapeto kwa sabata ndi "paki yosangalatsa".

Mukuyang'ana ulendo? Ndiye muli pa adilesi: Kiev St. Khreshchatyk. Zinthu zosangalatsa zomwe mungachite pa Khreshchatyk:

1) Idyani chakudya chokoma komanso chotsika mtengo. Malo otchuka a izi ndi malo odyera bajeti a dziko Chiyukireniya zakudya "Puzata Khata" mu Ndime (Khreshchatyk/Zankovetskaya St., 15/4 A), ndi "Zdorovenki Buli" (Lyuteranskaya St., 3). Kwa okonda sushi, mutha kupita ku maunyolo a Sushiya kapena Murakami kapena kumalo odyera a bajeti a zakudya zaku Japan ndi Italy, Mafia (pafupi ndi European Square). Mukhozanso kupita ku malo odyera zakudya zachangu McDonald's (pafupi ndi siteshoni ya metro ya Khreshchatyk, mu Globus Shopping Center, pa Nezavisimosti Square), McFoxy, ndi zina zotero. Khreshchatyk ndi B.Khmelnitsky msewu. Pano, pafupi ndi kutuluka kwa siteshoni ya metro ya Teatralnaya, "Kyiv Perepichka" yodziwika bwino (soseji yokazinga mu mtanda) imagulitsidwa. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kukoma kwa "luso lophikira" sikunasinthe kwa zaka zambiri. Kukoma kwa soseji kumakumbukira soseji yoyambirira ya Doctor, yopangidwa ku Soviet Union.

2) Yesani zokoma za Kiev Eskimo. Polemera (malo ogulitsa ayisikilimu a Lakomka) kapena kugula Khreshchatyk ice cream yokhala ndi chokoleti pa malo aliwonse ogulitsa.

3) Pitani kuchimbudzi chaulere. "Mipira" yaulere ya WC pa Khreshchatyk ili ku: McDonalds, Puzata Hata, Zdorovenki buli.

4) Onerani ziwonetsero za ojambula mumsewu, oimba, ochita zisudzo, ovina, oyenda pansi, okwera njinga, oimba nyimbo, ma DJs, ma roller skaters, osangalatsa, amatsenga, amatsenga, ndi zina zambiri.

5) Tengani nawo mpikisano, yesani mphamvu zanu, yimbani karaoke, kuvina, pambanani mphotho, khalani ndi mwayi wanu ndi makhadi, khalani ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi katswiri waluso, fotokozani mwanjira ina.

6) Perekani kuyankhulana (nthawi zambiri atolankhani ochokera m'manyuzipepala osiyanasiyana pa Khreshchatyk amachita zisankho za anthu, misonkhano yapaintaneti, zokambirana).

7) Dziwani bwino (musadabwe ngati anthu ena omwe mumawakonda akupempha ndalama kuti mudziwane mwachidule. Samalani!).

8) Tengani nawo gawo pawonetsero wapa TV (nthawi zambiri, makamaka kumapeto kwa sabata, zosangalatsa kapena ma TV andale amawulutsidwa pa Khreshchatyk).

9) Tengani nawo gawo pamisonkhano kapena zionetsero.

10) Yendani mumsewu wa Khreshchatyk (samalani, mutha kusokonezedwa ndi okwera panjinga, ma roller skaters, mopeds, "pedicabs" ndi okwera (ma taxi a mawilo atatu), oyambitsa, otsatsa, opita kuphwando ndi gulu la anthu odutsa)

11) Yendani munjira yapansi panthaka pansi pa Independence Square, yomwe imadziwika kuti Kiev slang "chitoliro". Pano mukhoza kumwa khofi yotsika mtengo, kugula chikumbutso, kucheza, kugula maluwa.

12) Onerani konsati, parade, chiwonetsero cha tchuthi, zowombera moto (ngati muli ndi mwayi, nthawi zambiri patchuthi cha dziko).

13) Kugula. Gulani m'masitolo odziwika. Malo ogulitsira okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso apadera ku Kyiv ali mu Passage ndi Gorodetsky Street.

14) Khalani ndi kumasuka pa benchi pa "Kyiv Chestnut Boulevard".

15) Gulani keke yeniyeni ya Kiev mu sitolo ya maswiti yotchedwa ROSHEN fakitale (yomwe kale inali fakitale ya Karl Marx confectionery) pa adiresi: St. Khreshchatyk 29/1.

16) Muzizizira ndi akasupe (m'chilimwe).

17) Imwani madzi a Kyiv pachitsime. Chipinda chapafupi cha mpope chili pa Gorodetskogo Street, paki yaing'ono moyang'anizana ndi malo odyera a Fellini.

18) Gulani china chake pachiwonetsero (ngati chikuchitika pa tsiku lakukhala kwanu pa Khreshchatyk).

19) Kusilira kuunikira, kuunikira kwapadera kwa nyumba, misewu, mtengo waukulu wa Chaka Chatsopano wa dziko (makamaka nthawi ya Khrisimasi isanachitike).

20) Kubwereka njinga, ma roller skates ndikukwera kuzungulira chapakati pa mzindawo.

21) Pangani chopereka chachifundo kwa wopemphapempha, munthu yemwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, wojambula.

22) Tengani chithunzi chakumbuyo kwa malo owonera a Maidan Nezalezhnosti.

23) Pitani ku positi ofesi yaikulu ndi kutumiza positi khadi kwa abwenzi, achibale, mabwenzi ndi chifaniziro cha mzinda ndi chizindikiro cha Kyiv) kutumiza makalata kwa iwo amene nthawi zina amayang'ana makalata awo. Osati zamagetsi).

24) Tengani chithunzi chakumbuyo kwa malo ena osangalatsa pa Khreshchatyk ndikutumiza kumalo ochezera. pa intaneti kapena kudzera pa imelo.

25) Gwiritsani ntchito Wi-Fi yaulere ya Free Zone. Ngakhale kuti malo olowera pa intaneti a tauni amapezeka pafupifupi paliponse mumsewu, pazifukwa zaukadaulo nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, timalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zazakudya zodziwika bwino zodziwika bwino kapena kutenga kapu ya khofi muzakudya zilizonse zapafupi ndikukhala momasuka. Komanso, ngati kuli kofunikira, mudzapatsidwa soketi yoti muwonjezerenso chipangizo chanu pafupifupi kulikonse.

26) Pitani ku malo ogulitsira a Globus. Ili ndi mizere itatu, yomwe ili ndi mashopu, malo osangalalira, malo odyera, malo odyera, ndi ziwonetsero.

27) Onerani mpira pazithunzi zazikulu zotsatsa ndi zidziwitso (ngati muli ndi mwayi).

28) Tengani chithunzi ndi nyama (ntchito zimalipidwa, koma poyamba mutha kupatsidwa kuti mungogwira nyani, mbalame kapena njoka kwaulere).

29) Okonda Nightlife akhoza kupita ku kalabu (mwachitsanzo, PaTiPa, Vodka Bar, Arena City Night Club).

30) Pitani ku Premier Cinema Complex "Ukraine" (adiresi: Gorodetsky Street, 5).

31)   Onani zokopa za Independence Square.

Pa Khreshchatyk mungapeze mosavuta ATM ndi kusinthanitsa ndalama.

Malo ogulitsira apafupi kwambiri ku Khreshchatyk ndi "BILLA", omwe ali mumsika wa Bessarabsky komanso pamzere wa 2 wa malo ogulitsira "Globus"

Zochititsa chidwi za msewu wa Khreshchatyk

Msewuwu umaonedwa kuti ndi wosavuta kukumana ndi anthu. Osati okhala ku Kiev okha, komanso alendo a mumzinda amapeza anzawo atsopano pano.

Pamsewu wa Kreschatik, monganso m’malo ambiri odzaza anthu m’mizinda yosiyanasiyana, mumatha kukumana ndi anthu opanda pokhala, oyendayenda, opemphapempha, akuba, akuba, ndi oledzera.

Nyumba zogonamo zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa msewu zimakhala ndi anthu ochepa chabe. Nyumba zambiri zimachita lendi tsiku lililonse ngati ma hostel.

Mtundu "Khreshchatyk" ndi wotchuka kwambiri ku Kyiv, ndi dzina ili mungapeze: banki, malo odyera, hotelo, kalabu ya poker, nyuzipepala komanso saladi.

Nyimbo zodziwika bwino za oimba Mikhail Shufutninsky ndi Pavel Zibrov zinalembedwa pamutu wa Kyiv's Khreshchatyk.

Mu 1892, inali pa Khreshchatyk Street pomwe mzere woyamba wa tram yamagetsi mu Ufumu wa Russia unamangidwa.

Mu 1912, nyumba yoyamba ya skyscraper ku Ukraine, Nyumba ya Ginzburg, inamangidwa pa Khreshchatyk; Mwini nyumbayo anali wodziwika bwino wabizinesi wa Kyiv Lev Borisovich Ginzburg.

Telefoni, magetsi, ndi madzi oyamba ku Kyiv anaonekera pa Khreshchatyk Street.

Tsopano mutha kuwona Khreshchatyk msewu ndi Independence square ku Kyiv kudzera pa intaneti, kuwulutsa kuli mu Live mode (onani pa intaneti cam Khreshchatyk msewu waukulu wa Kiev)

Dinani batani kuti muwone Khreshchatyk Street ndi Independence Square pa webukamu mumayendedwe a ONLINE  
Onerani Khreshchatyk Chaka Chatsopano chisanachitike kumapeto kwa sabata pavidiyo:

Dinani batani kuti mulembetse tsopano ndikuyitanitsa maulendo apansi kapena mabasi ku Kyiv  
Kufotokozera mwachidule kwa Khreshchatyk Street kungawerengedwe pa webusaiti ya World Encyclopedia Wikipedia.

Njira yabwino kwambiri yopitira ku Khreshchatyk ndi sitima yapansi panthaka, muyenera kutsika pa siteshoni "Khreshchatyk" kapena "Maidan Nezalezhnosti" (Chirasha: "Independence Square"), yang'anani zizindikiro zolowera mumsewu. Mukhozanso kutsika pa siteshoni ya metro ya Kyiv "Teatralnaya" ndikuyenda kwa mphindi zitatu. Onani mapu a metro

Momwe mungafikire msewu wa Khreshchatyk, womwe uli pamapu a Kyiv:Onani Mapu Aakulu

Kuti mukafike kumeneko ndi zoyendera zina, gwiritsani ntchito kufufuza m'gawoli: Mapu oyendera anthu onse.

Siyani ndemanga zanu za Khreshchatyk! Gwiritsani ntchito zigawo zina: Zithunzi za Kyiv, Zithunzi za Kyiv.