Khreshchatyk ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mugwagwa muKyiv

Khreshchatyk (Ukrainian: Хресчатик) ndiyo mugwagwa wepakati peguta guru reUkraine. Inopfuura nepakati pezvikamu zvitatu, inotanga kubva kuEurope Square, inoyambuka Independence Square uye inoguma paBessarabskaya Square. Kureba kwese kunosvika 3 metres, mune dzimwe nzvimbo kunosvika 1225 metres muhupamhi. Nzira yacho yakareba mamita makumi maviri nemana. Pamativi ose emugwagwa, miti yakasimwa mumutsara, shure kwavo kune nzira dzemamita gumi nemana. Kurutivi rworuboshwe, pamwe chete nehurefu hwose hweKhreshchatyk, kune boulevard ine chestnut miti. Vashanyi dzimwe nguva vanodana nzvimbo, iyo inosanganisira Khreshchatyk, "Khreshchatyk" Independence Square (Maidan) uye zvikamu zvemigwagwa inobatanidza kuKhreshchatyk (Institutskaya, Architect Gorodetsky, Proreznaya, Bohdan Khmelnitsky). Mune slang yevechidiki Kiev, izwi rokuti "Krest" rinoshandiswa, kureva, Khreshchatyk. Mugwagwa uri mumatunhu maviri eguta: Pechersk uye Shevchenkivskyi. Kuenzaniswa nemimwe migwagwa mumaguta makuru, Khreshchatyk ndeimwe yemigwagwa mikuru uye mipfupi pasi rose. Mugwagwa unoonekwa sechiratidzo cheguta reKyiv, senge, semuenzaniso, iyo Champs Elysees muParis kana Red Square muMoscow.

Kwakabva zita remugwagwa

Hapana kuwirirana pakati penyanzvi maererano nekwakabva zita remugwagwa. Pane shanduro huru mbiri.

Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti zita rokuti "Khreshchatyk" raireva nzvimbo iyo rwizi rwaiyerera. Sezvo nhoroondo inoshuma, Muchinda weRus Vladimir akabhabhatidza vanakomana vake vose pano.

Yechipiri hypothesis inotaura kuti zita remugwagwa rinobva munzvimbo iri pakati pezvino European Square uye Independence Square. Nzvimbo iyi yainzi "Perevesishche" uye yaive isina vanhu. Rakanga riri sango gobvu umo machinda, uye gare gare mamwe maKiev, aivhima mhuka duku neshiri vachishandisa “perevesy” (misungo yemhuka dzomusango dzakanga dzakaturikwa pakati pemiti). Rukova rwakayerera ruchibva mudhamu munzvimbo yeIndendence Square yanhasi, iyo yakabatana neKlovsky Stream (yaiyerera muRwizi rweLybed) munzvimbo yeBasseynaya Street. Muzana remakore rechi17 zvinyorwa iyi nzvimbo yainzi Kreshchataya Dolina. Kubva pakuona uku, zita rokuti Khreshchatyk harina chokuita nekubhabhatidzwa kwaRus, asi rakabva pakuyambuka nemimwe mipata kana mipata: yakayambuka, kana Khreshchaty Yar, kureva, Khreshchatyk. Zvadaro, mupata wakabatana (wakayambuka) zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zveguta reKyiv: Podil, Upper City uye Pechersk.

Nhoroondo yeKhreshchatyk Street

Nechirevo cheumambo, kutengeserana kwegore negore (zvibvumirano) zvakatamiswa kubva kuDubno kuenda kuKyiv. Izvi zvakakonzera kuwanda kwemari muguta.

Kwenguva refu, Khreshchatyk yakanga iri pamukaha pakati pemativi maviri, asi mushure mekuvakwa kwechiteshi chechitima, yakasvika Bessarabskaya Market Square uye Bibikovsky Boulevard inoenda kuchiteshi (ikozvino Taras Shevchenko Boulevard).

Muna 1797, imba yekutanga yakaonekwa muKreshchataya Valley. Imba yematombo maviri-storey yeimba yemuridzi wemunda Onufy Golovinsky yakavakwa mumhando yekare. Kusvikira panguva ino, pakanga pasina chivako chimwe chete munharaunda yeKhreshchatyk. Apo kuvandudzwa kwenharaunda yakapoteredza kwakatanga, zviremera pakutanga hazvina kupikisa nzvimbo yefair pano, uko mitambo yemakisikisi nemitambo yeruzhinji yakaitika. Asi nokukurumidza muna 1874 musika wacho wakatamisirwa kuBessarabskaya Square. Gare gare, nzvimbo 118 dzakagoverwa kuvaka munzvimbo iyi, iyo yakatanga kupiwa vamiririri veboka rinotonga, uye chete ipapo kune vatengesi, vagari vomutaundi uye vakuru vakuru.

Khreshchatyk Street yakatanga sei kuvapo kwayo mukupera kwe1873th - kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi1869. Nzvimbo yakapoteredza Europe (yaimbova Konnaya) Square ndiyo yakatanga kuvakwa. Basa rekuvaka rakaitwa kunyanya kurudyi rweKhreshchatyk kusvika kuProreznaya Street. Nenguva isipi rutivi rworuboshwe rwenzira rwakatangawo kugadzirwa. Zvinenge zvivako zvose paKhreshchatyk zvaiva zvivako zvekugara, kunze kwekutanga Kyiv theatre (yakagadzirwa nemugadziri Andrey Ivanovich Melensky). Mushure mekuvakwa kwechivako ichi, mugwagwa wakanzi Teatralnaya. Pakupera kwa3, kuvakwa kwemugwagwa kwakasvika Bessarabskaya Square. Muna 4, mugwagwa mukuru weKyiv wakanzi Khreshchatitskaya, gare gare - Khreshchatyk. Pamberi peGreat Patriotic War, pakanga paine kunyanya 35- uye XNUMX-nhurikidzwa zvivakwa paKhreshchatyk. Kufara kwemugwagwa panguva iyoyo kwaive kwemamita makumi matatu nemashanu.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi1892, Khreshchatyk yekare yakanga yava kuvakwa zvachose. Zvizhinji zvitoro, mabhangi nemahofisi zvakanangana pano. Muna 1914, yekutanga yemagetsi tram line muRussia Empire yakaiswa munzira, ichibatanidza Khreshchatyk nePodol kuburikidza neVladimirsky Descent. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, Imba yeRussian Insurance Society yakavakwa pakona yeKhreshchatyk neProreznaya (mugadziri Vladislav Gorodetsky). Muna XNUMX, Kiev Passage yakavakwa (mugadziri Pavel Andreev), mugwagwa-mukoridho une nzira pakati, iyo yakabatanidzwa nemagedhi. Iyo Passage complex yakaparadzwa munguva yeHondo Yenyika II ichibva yavakwazve. Mumakore aya, zvivakwa zvemusika weBessarabian uye Vatengesi 'Gungano (National Philharmonic rweUkraine).

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi1936, dzimba dzeKhreshchatyk Street dzakanga dzakagadzirirwa mvura inoyerera, pombi yetsvina, uye zvinoshandiswa: gasi, magetsi. Munguva yeSoviet nguva kubva 1941-XNUMX, tram line yakabviswa uye mugwagwa wematombo wakatsiviwa neasphalt. Imwe nzira itsva, yemazuva ano yekufambisa, trolleybus, yatanga kushanda mumugwagwa. Miti yakasimwa uye marambi akaiswa kumativi ose eKhreshchatyk. Uriri hwepasi hwezvivako hwaiwanzogara zvitoro. Gare gare, Central Department Store yakaoneka. Mushure mokunge basa rapera, Khreshchatyk yakava mugwagwa mukuru muKyiv. Yaigara zvivakwa zvekutonga, mahotera epamusoro, mabhaisikopo nemabhaisikopo.

Munguva yeGreat Patriotic War, apo mabhomba akasimwa neNKVD akaputika, pakati peKyiv yakashandurwa kuva matongo. Dzimba dzinopfuura mazana matatu paKhreshchatyk nemigwagwa iri pedyo dzakaputiswa nemhepo ndokupiswa. Mushure mokusunungurwa kweKyiv kubva kubasa muna 300, basa rakatanga kudzorera guta racho. Muna 1943, chirongwa chekushandisa hurongwa hwekuvaka kweKhreshchatyk hwakatanga. Nzvimbo iyi yakavakwa patsva mukuyedza kuchengetedza kugadziridzwa kwekutanga kwemigwagwa, asi zvivakwa zvitsva zvachose zvakavakwa muchimiro che "Stalinist Empire".

Mazuva ano, Khreshchatyk inovakwa maererano nechirongwa chimwe chekuvaka. Upamhi hwemugwagwa hwakawedzerwa kusvika ku 75 m Nzira yemugwagwa ndeye 24 m, migwagwa miviri ndeye 14 m imwe neimwe, yakaparadzaniswa nemugwagwa nemutsara wemiti, uye chestnut boulevard kurutivi rworudyi. Maererano nemafungiro ekugadzirisa maguta, Khreshchatyk yemazuva ano yakasiyana. Zvivako zvekutonga zvakavakwa muSoviet style (kurudyi, kunyange rutivi) zvakabatanidzwa kune boulevard (zvisinganzwisisiki, kuruboshwe). Iyo administrative arc (iyo bend pakati pemugwagwa) uye makomo marefu kumativi ese anopa Khreshchatyk kuomarara kwayo.

Kubva mukupera kwema1990, kufamba kwemotokari kwakarambidzwa pakupera kwevhiki uye mazororo eruzhinji pamwe neKhreshchatyk. Mugwagwa unova wevanofamba netsoka.

Zviitiko zveKhreshchatyk

Zvivakwa uye masangano:

• Nhamba 1 - Hotera "Dnepr"

• Nhamba 2 - Ukrainian House

• Nhamba 4 - sangano renhau reUNIAN

• Nhamba 6 — “Sachs House” ( mugadziri wemapurani J. Zekzer, 1911-14)

• Nhamba 7/11 - Central Union yeConsumer Societies yeUkraine

• Nhamba 8 - Kuvaka kweSt. Petersburg Bank (1911-1914, mugadziri L. Benois)

• Nhamba 10 - Kuvaka kweVolga-Kama Bank (1912-1913, mugadziri P. Andreev)

• Nha. 10-b — “Dzidzo Yevaduku” uye bhodhi rokunyora revhiki nevhiki “Shoko Redzidzo”

• Nhamba 14 - Hotera "Khreshchatyk"

• Nhamba 15 - Passage (1913-1914, mugadziri P. Andreev)

• Nhamba 15 - Memorial Museum - imba yeB.R.Gmyri

• Nhamba 16 - House of Trade Unions

• Nhamba 19 - pasi-level vestibule yeKhreshchatyk metro station (1960)

• Nhamba 22 - Kyiv Main Post Office uye Post Museum

• Nhamba 24 - Ministry of Agrarian Policy

• Nhamba 25 — “Imba Ine Nyeredzi” (1954)

• Nhamba 26 - Komiti yeHurumende yeTerevhizheni neRadio Broadcasting

• Nhamba 27a - National Union yeVatori venhau veUkraine

• Nhamba 30 - Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry

• Nhamba 32 - Kuvaka kweRussian Bank for Foreign Trade (1913-1915, mugadziri F.I. Lidval)

• Nhamba 36 - Imba yeKyiv City Council uye Kyiv City State Administration (1952-1957)

• Nhamba 38 - Central Department Store (TSUM)

• Nhamba 40 - The Canet Hotel building (1873)

• Nhamba 42 - Tenement house (1894-1895)

• Nhamba 42a - Pechersk District Court yeKyiv

• Nhamba 44 - Chivakwa cheApartment (1858, 1884, 1895, 1899-1900)

• Nhamba 46 - Tenement house (1872-1874)

• Nhamba 48 - Tenement house (pakupera kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX)

• Nhamba 50-b - Artistic and Concert Center yakatumidzwa zita reI. Kozlovsky weNational Operetta yeUkraine.

• Nhamba 52 - Tenement house (1875-1876)

Памятники

• Vladislav Gorodetsky (Khreshchatyk, 15)

Zvinhu

• Bessarabskaya sq., 2 – “Bessarabsky market”

• metro station "Independence Square"

• "Imba-Museum yaT. G. Shevchenko" - trans. T. Shevchenko, 8.

Ruzivo rwakadzama nezve izvi zvinokwezva zvinogona kuverengerwa zviri nyore mukati Wikipedia.

Tombofamba tese kana"Kupera kwevhiki paKhreshchatyk»

Wese munhu anoshanyira guta guru reUkraine kekutanga anoda kuona migwagwa yepakati, kunzwa simba reguta, uye kuona kuravira kwenzvimbo. Khreshchatyk inzvimbo yakakodzera muKyiv nekuda kweichi chinangwa.

Pamazororo nekupera kwevhiki, Khreshchatyk Street yakavharwa kune traffic. Munguva inonzi "maawa ebhizinesi" inzira yebhizinesi, uye pakupera kwevhiki i "paki yekunakidzwa".

Kutsvaga adventure? Ipapo iwe uri pakero: Kiev St. Khreshchatyk. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinonakidza zvaunogona kuita paKhreshchatyk:

1) Idya chikafu chinonaka uye chisingadhuri. Nzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzeiyi ndiyo bhajeti reresitorendi yenyika yeUkraine cuisine "Puzata Khata" muPasage (Khreshchatyk/Zankovetskaya St., 15/4 A), uye "Zdorovenki Buli" (Lyuteranskaya St., 3). Kune vanoda sushi, unogona kuenda kumaketani eSushiya kana Murakami kana kuresitorendi yebhajeti yeJapan neItalian cuisine, Mafia (pedyo neEuropean Square). Unogonawo kuenda kumaresitorendi ezvekudya zvinokurumidza kuMcDonald's (padyo nechiteshi che metro cheKhreshchatyk, muGlobus shopping centre, paNezavisimosti square), McFoxy, nezvimwewo. Unogona kuva nechikafu chakachipa, chiri nyore uye chinokurumidza pamharadzano yeSt. Khreshchatyk uye B.Khmelnitsky mugwagwa. Pano, kusiri kure nekubuda kubva kuTeatralnaya metro station, inozivikanwa "Kyiv Perepichka" (yakadzika-yakakangwa muhupfu) inotengeswa. Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti kuravira kwe "culinary masterpiece" hakuna kuchinja kwemakore mazhinji. Kuravira kwesoseji kunoyeuchidza sausage yepakutanga yaChiremba, yakagadzirwa kumashure muSoviet Union.

2) Edza zvinonaka Kiev Eskimo. Nehuremu (Lakomka ice cream sales points) kana kutenga chokoti-yakavharwa Khreshchatyk ice cream pane imwe nzvimbo yekutengesa.

3) Enda kuchimbuzi chemahara. Yemahara-WC "mabhora" paKhreshchatyk ari mu: McDonalds, Puzata Hata, Zdorovenki buli.

4) Tarisa zviitwa zvevatambi vemumugwagwa, vaimbi, vatambi, vanotamba, vanotsvedza, vanochovha mabhasikoro, ma rapper, maDJs, ma roller skaters, varaidzo, ma clown, n'anga, nezvimwe.

5) Tora chikamu mumakwikwi, edza simba rako remuviri, imba karaoke, tamba, kuhwina mubairo, ita rombo rakanaka kuudzwa nemakadhi, iva nemufananidzo wako wakatorwa nenyanzvi, taura neimwe nzira.

6) Ipa kubvunzurudza (kazhinji vatapi venhau vanobva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvenhau paKhreshchatyk vanoita sarudzo dzevanhu, misangano yepaIndaneti, nharo).

7) Ziva (usashamisika kana vamwe vanhu vaunoda vakakumbira mari yekuzivana kwenguva pfupi. Ngwarira!).

8) Tora chikamu muchirongwa cheTV (kazhinji, kunyanya pakupera kwevhiki, varaidzo kana zvematongerwo enyika TV inoratidza inotepfenyurwa ichirarama paKhreshchatyk).

9) Tora chikamu mune rally kana kuratidzira.

10) Famba munzira yeKhreshchatyk (chenjerera, unogona kuvhiringidzwa nevanopfuura bhasikoro, roller skaters, mopeds, "pedicabs" nevafambi (mataxi ane mavhiri matatu), vanopikisa, vashambadziri, vanoenda kumabiko uye nechaunga chevanopfuura

11) Famba nepasi pevhu pasi peIndependence Square, inozivikanwa muKiev slang se "pombi". Pano unogona kunwa kofi isingadhuri, kutenga chiyeuchidzo, hang out, kutenga maruva.

12) Tarisa konzati, parade, show yezororo, fireworks (kana uine rombo rakanaka, kazhinji pamazororo enyika).

13) Kutenga. Tenga muzvitoro zvemhando. Maboutique anodhura uye akasarudzika muKyiv ari muPasage uye paGorodetsky Street.

14) Gara uye uzorore pabhenji pa "Kyiv Chestnut Boulevard".

. Khreshchatyk 15/29.

16) Tonhorwa nematsime (muzhizha).

17) Inwa Kyiv mvura kubva kune artesian tsime. Imba yepombi yepedyo iri paGorodetskogo Street, mupaki diki yakatarisana neresitorendi yeFellini.

18) Tenga chimwe chinhu pamutambo (kana chichiitwa pazuva rekugara kwako paKhreshchatyk).

19) Admire kupenya, kupenya kwakasarudzika kwezvivakwa, migwagwa, muti mukuru weGore Idzva wenyika (kunyanya munguva isati yasvika Kisimusi).

20) Renda bhasikoro, roller skates uye tasva uchitenderera nechepakati peguta.

21) Ita mupiro wezvipo kune mupemhi, munhu ane matambudziko ehutano, muimbi.

22) Tora mufananidzo wakatarisana nekumashure kwepanorama yeMaidan Nezalezhnosti yekutarisa dhizaini.

23) Enda kuchivakwa chikuru chepositi uye utumire kadhi kushamwari, hama, vanozivana vane mufananidzo weimwe nzvimbo yeguta uye chitambi chekufananidzira cheKyiv) tumira tsamba kune avo vanopota vachitarisa tsamba yavo. Kwete zvemagetsi).

24) Tora foto uchipesana nekumashure kweimwe nzvimbo inonakidza paKhreshchatyk uye utumire kune social media. network kana ne e-mail.

25) Shandisa yemahara Yemahara Zone Wi-Fi. Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti masevhisi ekuwana Internet nzvimbo anowanikwa pese pese mumugwagwa, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehunyanzvi havawanzo kushanda. Naizvozvo, isu tinokurudzira kushandisa zviwanikwa zvezvinozivikanwa zvekutsanya-chikafu kana kubata kapu yekofi mune chero yepedyo macafe uye ugare zvakanaka. Uyezve, kana zvichidikanwa, iwe unopihwa soketi yekuchaja mudziyo wako kunenge kwese kwese.

26) Enda kuGlobus shopping centre. Iyo ine mitsara mitatu, ine zvitoro, nzvimbo dzekutandarira, macafe, maresitorendi, uye kuratidzwa.

27) Tarisa nhabvu pane yakakura kushambadzira uye ruzivo skrini (kana uine rombo rakanaka).

28) Tora mufananidzo nemhuka (masevhisi anobhadharwa, asi pakutanga unogona kupihwa kungobata tsoko, shiri, kana nyoka mahara).

29) Vanoda husiku hwehusiku vanogona kuenda kukirabhu (semuenzaniso, PaTiPa, Vodka Bar, Arena City Night Club).

30) Shanyira Premier Cinema Complex "Ukraine" (kero: Gorodetsky Street, 5).

31)   Ona nzvimbo dzeIndendence Square.

PaKhreshchatyk unogona kuwana nyore ATM uye kuchinjana kwemari.

Masupamaketi ari padyo paKhreshchatyk ndeye "BILLA", iri muchivakwa cheBessarabsky musika uye pamutsara wechipiri wenzvimbo yekutengesa "Globus"

Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro Khreshchatyk mumugwagwa

Mugwagwa unonzi wakanakira kusangana nevanhu. Kwete vagari veKiev chete, asiwo vashanyi veguta vanowana vanozivana vatsva pano.

PaKreschatik Street, somunzvimbo dzakawanda dzakatsvikinyidzana mumaguta akasiyana, unogona kusangana nevanhu vasina pokugara, vabvakure, vapemhi, mbavha, makororo, uye zvidhakwa.

Zvivako zvekugara zviri pedyo nemugwagwa zvinogarwa nenhamba shoma yevanhu veko. Mafurati mazhinji anorendwa zuva nezuva semahostela.

Chiratidzo che "Khreshchatyk" chinonyanya kufarirwa muKyiv, ine zita iri unogona kuwana: bhangi, resitorendi, hotera, poker club, pepanhau uye kunyange saladhi.

Nziyo dzakakurumbira nevatambi Mikhail Shufutninsky naPavel Zibrov dzakanyorwa pamusoro peKyiv's Khreshchatyk.

Muna 1892, yaive paKhreshchatyk Street iyo yekutanga yemagetsi tram line muRussia Empire yakavakwa.

Muna 1912, yekutanga skyscraper muUkraine, Ginzburg House, yakavakwa paKhreshchatyk; Muridzi wechivako chacho aiva bhizinesi reKyiv Lev Borisovich Ginzburg.

Runhare rwekutanga, magetsi, uye mvura yemupombi muKyiv yakaonekwa paKhreshchatyk Street.

Iye zvino unogona kuona Khreshchatyk mugwagwa uye Independence square muKyiv kuburikidza neinternet webcam, kutepfenyura kuri muLive mode (tarisa online web cam Khreshchatyk main street yeKiev)

Dzvanya pabhatani kuti uone Khreshchatyk Street uye Independence Square pawebhu cam mu ONLINE mode.  
Tarisa Khreshchatyk pamberi peGore Nyowani pakupera kwevhiki pavhidhiyo:

Dzvanya bhatani kuti unyore izvozvi uye isa odha yekufamba kana bhazi kuKyiv  
Tsanangudzo pfupi yeKhreshchatyk Street inogona kuverengwa pawebhusaiti yeWorld Encyclopedia Wikipedia.

Nzira yakanyanya nyore yekusvika kuKhreshchatyk ndeye subway, unofanira kuburuka pachiteshi "Khreshchatyk" kana "Maidan Nezalezhnosti" (chiRussian: "Independence Square"), tsvaga zviratidzo munzira yemugwagwa. Iwe unogona zvakare kuburuka paKyiv metro station "Teatralnaya" uye famba kwemaminetsi matatu. Ona metro metro

Nzira yekusvika sei kuKhreshchatyk mumugwagwa, nzvimbo pamepu yeKyiv:Ona Mepu Yakakura

Kuti usvike ikoko nezvimwe zvekufambisa, shandisa tsvakiridzo iri muchikamu: Mepu yezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji.

Siya mhinduro yako nezve Khreshchatyk! Shandisa zvimwe zvikamu: Zviitiko zveKyiv, Mifananidzo ye Kyiv.