Khreshchatyk shine titin da ya fi shahara a Kyiv

Khreshchatyk (Ukrainian: Хресчатик) babban titin babban birnin Ukraine ne. Yana wucewa ta murabba'i 3, yana farawa daga dandalin Turai, ya ketare dandalin Independence kuma ya ƙare a dandalin Bessarabskaya. Tsawon tsayin ya kai mita 1225, a wasu yankunan ya kai mita 100 a fadinsa. Tsawon hanyar yana da mita 24. A bangarorin biyu na titin, ana dasa bishiyoyi a jere, a bayansu akwai titin mita 14. A gefen hagu, tare da kusan dukkanin tsawon Khreshchatyk, akwai wani boulevard tare da bishiyoyin chestnut. Masu yawon bude ido wani lokaci suna kiran yankin, wanda ya hada da Khreshchatyk, "Kreshchatyk" Dandalin Independence (Maidan) da kuma sassan tituna da ke haɗa zuwa Khreshchatyk (Institutskaya, Architect Gorodetsky, Proreznaya, Bohdan Khmelnitsky). A cikin slang na matasa Kievites ana amfani da kalmar "Krest", wato, Khreshchatyk. Titin yana cikin gundumomi biyu na birnin: Pechersk da Shevchenkivsky. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran titunan manyan biranen kasar, Khreshchatyk na daya daga cikin manyan tituna mafi fadi da gajeru a duniya. Ana ɗaukar titi alama ce ta birnin Kyiv, kamar, alal misali, Champs Elysees a Paris ko Red Square a Moscow.

Asalin sunan titi

Babu yarjejeniya tsakanin malamai dangane da ainihin asalin sunan titi. Akwai manyan sigogi biyu.

Wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa sunan "Khreshchatyk" yana nufin yankin da rafi ya gudana. Kamar yadda labarin ya ruwaito, Yariman Rus Vladimir ya yi wa dukan 'ya'yansa baftisma a nan.

Hasashe na biyu ya nuna cewa sunan titi ya fito ne daga yankin da ke kusan tsakanin dandalin Turai da dandalin 'yancin kai. An fi kiran wannan wuri "Perevesishche" kuma ba kowa. Wani gandun daji ne wanda sarakuna, da kuma sauran Kievans, suka yi farautar kananan dabbobi da tsuntsaye ta hanyar amfani da "perervesy" (tarkon namun daji da aka rataye tsakanin bishiyoyi). Wani rafi ya fito daga tafkin a yankin dandalin Independence na yau, wanda ya haɗu da Klovsky Stream (wanda ya shiga cikin kogin Lybed) a yankin Basseynaya Street. A cikin takardun karni na 17, ana kiran wannan yanki Kreshchataya Dolina. Daga wannan ra'ayi, sunan Khreshchatyk ba shi da alaƙa da baftisma na Rus, amma ya fito ne daga ƙetare tare da wasu kwari ko gungun: ketare, ko Khreshchaty Yar, wato, Khreshchatyk. Daga baya, kwarin ya haɗa (haye) manyan sassa uku na birnin Kyiv: Podil, Upper City da Pechersk.

Tarihin titin Khreshchatyk

Ta hanyar dokar sarauta, an canza sheka (kwangiloli) na shekara-shekara daga Dubno zuwa Kyiv. Hakan ya jawo kwararowar babban birnin kasar.

Na dogon lokaci, Khreshchatyk ya kasance a kan rata tsakanin murabba'i biyu, amma bayan gina tashar jirgin kasa, ya isa Bessarabskaya Market Square da Bibikovsky Boulevard wanda ke kaiwa tashar (yanzu Taras Shevchenko Boulevard).

A 1797, gidan farko ya bayyana a cikin Kreshchataya Valley. Gidan dutse mai hawa biyu na mai gidan Onufy Golovinsky an gina shi a cikin salon gargajiya. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, babu wani gini guda a yankin Khreshchatyk. Lokacin da aka fara ci gaban yankin, da farko hukumomi ba su nuna adawa da wurin da aka gudanar da bikin baje koli a nan ba, inda ake gudanar da wasannin circus da shagulgulan jama'a. Amma ba da daɗewa ba a cikin 1874 an tura kasuwar kasuwa zuwa Bessarabskaya Square. Bayan haka, an ware filaye guda 118 domin ginawa a wannan yanki, wanda aka fara bai wa wakilan masu mulki, sannan sai ga ‘yan kasuwa, mutanen gari da kananan jami’ai.

Yadda titin Khreshchatyk ya fara wanzuwa a ƙarshen 1873th - farkon ƙarni na 1869th. Yankin da ke kusa da dandalin Turai (tsohon Konnaya) shi ne na farko da aka gina. An gudanar da aikin gine-gine a gefen dama na Khreshchatyk har zuwa titin Proreznaya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka fara gina gefen hagu na hanyar. Kusan dukkanin gine-ginen da ke Khreshchatyk sun kasance gine-ginen zama, sai dai gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Kyiv (wanda masanin Andrey Ivanovich Melensky ya tsara). Bayan gina wannan ginin, an sanya wa titin suna Teatralnaya. A karshen 3, gina titi ya isa Bessarabskaya Square. A 4, babban titi na Kyiv aka kira Khreshchatitskaya, daga baya - Khreshchatik. Kafin Babban Patriotic War, akwai galibin gine-gine masu hawa 35 da XNUMX akan Khreshchatyk. Faɗin titi a lokacin ya kai kimanin mita XNUMX.

A karshen karni na 1892, tsohon Khreshchatyk ya kusan gina gaba daya. Galibi shaguna, bankuna da ofisoshi sun taru a nan. A cikin 1914, an shimfiɗa layin farko na tram na lantarki a cikin daular Rasha a kan titi, wanda ya haɗa Khreshchatyk tare da Podol ta hanyar Vladimirsky Descent. A farkon karni na XNUMX, an gina House of Russia Insurance Society a kusurwar Khreshchatyk da Proreznaya ( Architect Vladislav Gorodetsky). A shekara ta XNUMX, an gina hanyar Kiev Passage (mai ginin gine-gine Pavel Andreev), wani titin-coridor tare da nassi a tsakiya, wanda aka haɗa ta ƙofofi. An lalata rukunin Wurin Wuta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu sannan aka sake gina shi. A cikin wadannan shekaru, gine-gine na kasuwar Bessarabian da Majalisar Kasuwanci (National Philharmonic na Ukraine).

A farkon karni na 1936, gidaje a kan titin Khreshchatyk an sanye su da ruwa mai gudu, magudanar ruwa, da kayan aiki: gas, wutar lantarki. A lokacin zamanin Soviet daga 1941-XNUMX, layin tram ya rushe kuma an maye gurbin titin dutse da kwalta. Wani sabon salon sufuri na zamani mai suna trolleybus ya fara aiki akan titi. An dasa bishiyoyi kuma an sanya fitilu a bangarorin biyu na Khreshchatyk. Kasan benayen gine-gine yawanci suna da shaguna. Daga baya, Babban Store Store ya bayyana. Bayan kammala aikin, Khreshchatyk ya zama babban titi a Kyiv. Ya ƙunshi gine-ginen gudanarwa, mafi kyawun otal, gidajen sinima da gidajen sinima.

A lokacin Babban Yakin Kishin Kasa, lokacin da aka tayar da bama-baman da NKVD ta dasa, tsakiyar Kyiv ya koma kango. Fiye da gidaje 300 a Khreshchatyk da titunan da ke kusa da su ne aka kona su. Bayan 'yantar da Kyiv daga zama a 1943, aikin ya fara mayar da birnin. A cikin 1948, an fara aikin aiwatar da babban shirin don gina Khreshchatik. An sake gina cibiyar a kokarin kiyaye ainihin tsarin tituna, amma an gina sabbin gine-gine a cikin salon "Stalinist Empire".

A zamanin yau, an gina Khreshchatyk bisa ga tsarin gine-gine guda ɗaya. An kara fadin titin zuwa mita 75, titin ya kai mita 24, kowannen titin yana da tsayin mita 14, an raba shi da titin da jeri na bishiyu, da kuma wani boulevard na gefen dama. Bisa ga ra'ayoyin tsara birane, Khreshchatyk na yau ya bambanta. Gine-ginen gudanarwa da aka gina a cikin tsarin Soviet (dama, har ma da gefe) an haɗa su da boulevard (m, gefen hagu). Tsarin gudanarwa (lanƙwasa a tsakiyar titi) da tuddai masu tsayi a bangarorin biyu suna ba Khreshchatyk ƙwarewa.

Tun daga ƙarshen 1990s, an hana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a ƙarshen mako da kuma bukukuwan jama'a tare da Khreshchatyk. Titin ya zama mai tafiya a ƙasa.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa a Khreshchatyk

Gine-gine da cibiyoyi:

• No. 1 - Hotel "Dnepr"

• No. 2 - Ukrainian House

• Na 4 — Kamfanin dillancin labarai na UNIAN

• Lamba 6 — “Sachs House” (Mai gini J. Zekzer, 1911-14)

• No. 7/11 - Central Union of Consumer Society of Ukraine

• No. 8 - Gina Bankin St. Petersburg (1911-1914, m L. Benois)

• No. 10 - Gina Volga-Kama Bank (1912-1913, m P. Andreev)

• Lamba 10-b - "Ilimin Matasa" da kwamitin edita na mako-mako "Maganar Ilimi"

• No. 14 - Hotel "Khreshchatyk"

• No. 15 - Wuta (1913-1914, m P. Andreev)

• No. 15 - Memorial Museum - B.R.Gmyri's Apartment

• No. 16 — Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Kwadago

• No. 19 - matakin ƙasa na tashar metro Khreshchatyk (1960)

• No. 22 — Babban Ofishin Wasiƙa da Gidan Tarihi na Kyiv

• No. 24 - Ma'aikatar Agrarian Policy

• Na 25 - "Gida Mai Tauraro" (1954)

• No. 26 - Kwamitin Jiha na Talabijin da Watsa Labarai na Rediyo

• No. 27a - National Union of Journalists of Ukraine

• No. 30 - Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Masana'antar Kwal

• No. 32 - Gina Bankin Rasha don Kasuwancin Harkokin Waje (1913-1915, m F.I. Lidval)

• No. 36 — House of Kyiv City Council and the Kyiv City State Administration (1952-1957)

• Na 38 - Babban Shagon Kasuwanci (TSUM)

• No. 40 - Ginin otal na Canet (1873)

• No. 42 - Tenement House (1894-1895)

• No. 42a - Kotun gundumar Pechersk na Kyiv

• No. 44 - Ginin gida (1858, 1884, 1895, 1899-1900)

• No. 46 - Tenement House (1872-1874)

• Lamba 48 - Gidan Tenement (ƙarni na XNUMXth)

• No. 50-b - Cibiyar fasaha da wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan I. Kozlovsky na National Operetta na Ukraine

• No. 52 - Tenement House (1875-1876)

Alamomi

• Vladislav Gorodetsky (Khreshchatyk, 15)

Abubuwan

• Bessarabskaya sq., 2 - "Kasuwancin Bessarabsky"

Tashar metro "Square Independence"

• "House-Museum na T. G. Shevchenko" - trans. T. Shevchenko, 8.

Ana iya karanta ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da waɗannan abubuwan jan hankali cikin dacewa Wikipedia.

Mu yi yawo tare ko"Karshen mako akan Khreshchatyk»

Duk mutumin da ya ziyarci babban birnin Ukraine a karon farko yana so ya ga manyan tituna, jin kuzarin birnin, kuma ya dandana dandano na gida. Khreshchatyk alama ce mai dacewa a Kyiv don wannan dalili.

A ranakun hutu da karshen mako, titin Khreshchatyk an rufe shi don zirga-zirga. A lokacin abin da ake kira "sa'o'in kasuwanci" hanya ce ta kasuwanci, kuma a karshen mako "wajen shakatawa ne".

Neman kasada? Sannan kuna a adireshin: Kiev st. Khreshchatik. Wadanne abubuwa masu ban sha'awa za ku iya yi akan Khreshchatyk:

1) Cin abinci mai daɗi da tsada. Shahararrun wuraren wannan sune gidajen cin abinci na kasa da kasa na abinci na Ukrainian "Puzata Khata" a cikin Passage (Khreshchatyk/Zankovetskaya St., 15/4 A), da "Zdorovenki Buli" (Lyuteranskaya St., 3). Ga masu son sushi, zaku iya zuwa sarƙoƙin Sushiya ko Murakami ko gidan abinci na kasafin kuɗi na abinci na Jafananci da Italiyanci, Mafia (kusa da Dandalin Turai). Hakanan zaka iya zuwa gidajen cin abinci masu sauri McDonald's (kusa da tashar metro na Khreshchatyk, a cikin cibiyar kasuwanci ta Globus, akan filin Nezavisimosti), McFoxy, da sauransu. Khreshchatyk da B.Khmelnitsky titi. A nan, ba da nisa da fita daga tashar metro Teatralnaya, sanannen "Kyiv Perepichka" (wani tsiran alade mai zurfi a cikin kullu) ana sayar da shi. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, dandano na wannan "ƙwararrun kayan abinci" bai canza ba shekaru da yawa. Abin dandano na tsiran alade yana tunawa da tsiran alade na asali na Doctor, wanda aka yi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

2) Gwada dadi Kiev Eskimo. Ta nauyi (Maganin tallace-tallace na Lakomka ice cream) ko siyan ice cream Khreshchatyk da aka lulluɓe da cakulan a kowane wurin tallace-tallace.

3) Shiga bandaki kyauta. "Kwallo" na kyauta-WC akan Khreshchatyk suna cikin: McDonalds, Puzata Hata, Zdorovenki buli.

4) Kalli wasan kwaikwayo na masu fasaha na titi, mawaƙa, mawaƙa, masu rawa, skateboard, masu keke, rappers, DJs, skaters, masu nishadi, mawaƙa, masu sihiri, da sauransu.

5) Kasance cikin gasa, gwada ƙarfin jikin ku, rera karaoke, rawa, lashe kyauta, a ba da labarin dukiyar ku da katunan, ku ɗauki hoton kanku wanda ƙwararren mai fasaha ya ɗauka, bayyana kanku ko ta yaya.

6) Yi hira (sau da yawa 'yan jarida daga kafofin watsa labaru daban-daban akan Khreshchatyk suna gudanar da kuri'un ra'ayoyin jama'a, tarurruka na kan layi, muhawara).

7) Ka saba (kar ka yi mamaki idan wasu da kake so su nemi kuɗi don ɗan gajeren sani. Ka yi hankali!).

8) Kasance cikin shirin TV (sau da yawa, musamman a karshen mako, ana watsa shirye-shiryen nishaɗi ko shirye-shiryen TV na siyasa kai tsaye akan Khreshchatyk).

9) Shiga muzahara ko zanga-zanga.

10) Yi tafiya tare da titin Khreshchatyk (ku yi hankali, za ku iya damuwa ta hanyar wucewar cyclists, skaters, mopeds, "pedicabs" tare da fasinjoji (taksi masu kafa uku), masu tayar da hankali, masu tallace-tallace, masu zuwa jam'iyya da kuma taron masu wucewa kawai)

11) Yi tafiya ta hanyar karkashin kasa karkashin Independence Square, wanda aka sani a Kiev slang a matsayin "bututu". Anan zaka iya sha kofi mara tsada, siyan abin tunawa, rataya, siyan furanni.

12) Kalli wasan kwaikwayo, fareti, wasan biki, wasan wuta (idan kun yi sa'a, yawanci a lokutan hutu na ƙasa).

13) Sayayya. Yi sayayya a cikin shaguna masu alama. Mafi tsada da keɓantattun boutiques a Kyiv suna cikin hanyar wucewa da kan titin Gorodetsky.

14) Zauna ku huta akan benci akan "Kyiv Chestnut Boulevard".

15) Sayi kek na Kiev na gaske a cikin shagon kayan zaki na masana'antar ROSHEN (wanda shine masana'antar kayan zaki na Karl Marx) a adireshin: St. Khreshchatyk 29/1.

16) Sanyi da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa (a lokacin rani).

17)Sha ruwa Kyiv daga rijiyar artesian. Dakin famfo mafi kusa yana kan titin Gorodetskogo, a cikin wani ƙaramin wurin shakatawa daura da gidan abincin Fellini.

18) Sayi wani abu a wurin baje kolin (idan an gudanar da shi a ranar zaman ku a Khreshchatyk).

19) Yi sha'awar haske, hasken gine-gine na musamman, tituna, babban bishiyar Sabuwar Shekara ta kasar (musamman a lokacin pre-Kirsimeti).

20) Hayar babur, skate na rola da zagaya tsakiyar tsakiyar gari.

21) Bada gudunmuwa ga marowaci, mai matsalar lafiya, mai fasaha.

22) Ɗauki hoto a bangon bangon panorama na bene mai lura da Maidan Nezalezhnosti.

23) Je zuwa babban ginin gidan waya kuma aika katin wasiƙa ga abokai, dangi, abokai tare da hoton wani alamar gari da tambarin Kyiv) aika wasiƙu ga waɗanda aƙalla lokaci-lokaci bincika wasiku. Ba lantarki ba).

24) Ɗauki hoto a kan bangon wani wuri mai ban sha'awa akan Khreshchatyk kuma aika shi zuwa kafofin watsa labarun. hanyar sadarwa ko ta imel.

25) Yi amfani da Wi-Fi Yanki Kyauta. Duk da cewa wuraren shiga yanar gizo na birni kusan kusan ko'ina a kan titi, saboda dalilai na fasaha galibi ba sa aiki. Sabili da haka, muna ba da shawarar yin amfani da albarkatun sanannun abinci mai sauri ko ɗaukar kofi a kowane cafes na kusa kuma ku zauna cikin kwanciyar hankali. Bugu da ƙari, idan ya cancanta, za a samar maka da soket don cajin na'urarka kusan ko'ina.

26) Je zuwa cibiyar kasuwanci ta Globus. Ya ƙunshi layuka 3, waɗanda ke ɗauke da shaguna, wuraren shakatawa, wuraren shakatawa, gidajen abinci, da nune-nune.

27) Kalli ƙwallon ƙafa akan babban allon talla da bayanai (idan kun yi sa'a).

28) Ɗauki hoto tare da dabbobi (ana biyan ayyuka, amma da farko ana iya ba ku damar riƙe biri, tsuntsu, ko maciji kyauta).

29) Masoya rayuwar dare za su iya zuwa kulob (misali, PaTiPa, Vodka Bar, Arena City Night Club).

30) Ziyarci Rukunin Cinema na Premier "Ukraine" (adireshi: Titin Gorodetsky, 5).

31)   Dubi abubuwan gani na Dandalin Independence.

A Khreshchatyk zaka iya samun ATM da musayar kuɗi cikin sauƙi.

Manyan kantunan kusa da Khreshchatyk shine "BILLA", wanda ke cikin ginin kasuwar Bessarabsky da kuma layin 2 na cibiyar kasuwanci "Globus"

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da titin Khreshchatyk

Ana ganin titin ya dace sosai don saduwa da mutane. Ba wai kawai mazauna Kiev ba, har ma baƙi na birni suna samun sababbin abokai a nan.

A kan titin Kreschatik, kamar yadda yake a wurare da yawa na cunkoson jama'a a birane daban-daban, za ka iya saduwa da marasa gida, masu baƙar fata, mabarata, barayi, 'yan zamba, da mashaya.

Gine-ginen mazaunin da ke kan titin 'yan tsiraru ne kawai ke zaune. Yawancin gidajen ana hayar su a kullun a matsayin masauki.

Alamar "Khreshchatyk" ta shahara sosai a Kyiv, tare da wannan suna za ku iya samun: banki, gidan abinci, otal, kulob din karta, jarida har ma da salatin.

Shahararrun wakokin ’yan wasan kwaikwayo Mikhail Shufutninsky da Pavel Zibrov an rubuta su a kan taken Khreshchatyk na Kyiv.

A cikin 1892, a kan titin Khreshchatyk ne aka gina layin tram na farko na lantarki a cikin daular Rasha.

A cikin 1912, an gina ginin farko a Ukraine, Gidan Ginzburg, akan Khreshchatyk; Wanda ya mallaki ginin shi ne fitaccen dan kasuwan Kyiv Lev Borisovich Ginzburg.

Waya, wutar lantarki, da ruwan sha na farko a Kyiv sun bayyana akan titin Khreshchatyk.

Yanzu zaku iya kallon titin Khreshchatyk da filin Independence a Kyiv ta kyamarar gidan yanar gizon kan layi, watsa shirye-shiryen yana cikin Yanayin Live (kalli cam ɗin gidan yanar gizon kan layi Khreshchatyk babban titin Kiev)

Danna maɓallin don kallon Titin Khreshchatyk da Dandalin Independence akan kyamarar gidan yanar gizon a yanayin ONLINE  
Kalli Khreshchatyk kafin Sabuwar Shekara a karshen mako akan bidiyo:

Danna maɓallin don yin rajista yanzu kuma sanya oda don tafiya ko balaguron bas a Kyiv  
Ana iya karanta taƙaitaccen bayanin titin Khreshchatyk akan gidan yanar gizon Encyclopedia na Duniya wikipedia.

Hanya mafi dacewa don zuwa Khreshchatyk ita ce ta метро, Kuna buƙatar sauka a tashar "Khreshchatyk" ko "Maidan Nezalezhnosti" (Rashanci: "Square Independence"), nemi alamu a cikin hanyar titi. Hakanan zaka iya sauka a tashar metro na Kyiv "Teatralnaya" kuma kuyi tafiya na mintuna 3. Duba taswirar metro

Yadda ake zuwa titin Khreshchatyk, wuri akan taswirar Kyiv:Dubi Girma Taswira

Don zuwa wurin ta wasu sufuri, yi amfani da bincike a cikin sashin: Taswirar jigilar jama'a.

Bar ra'ayin ku game da Khreshchatyk! Yi amfani da wasu sassan: Wuraren Kyiv, Hotunan Kyiv.