National Museum "Kyiv Picture Gallery" Kyiv Museum of Russian Art

About the history of the Kyiv Museum of Russian Art

The museum was opened on November 12, 1922. "Kiev Art Gallery" was the name of the museum after the revolution. The bulk of the exhibits were from the private collection of the Tereshchenko family, famous patrons of the arts and entrepreneurs. The most valuable pieces at the exhibition were the paintings owned by Nikola, Fyodor and Ivan Tereshchenko: Ivan Shishkin's "Oak Grove", "First Snow", "Amidst a Flat Valley", "A Stream in the Forest"; Ilya Repin's "Poprishchin", "Portrait of V. Garshin"; Ivan Kramskoy's "Peasant with a Bridle"; Nikolai Yaroshenko's "Female Student"; Viktor Vasnetsov's "Three Princesses of the Underworld"; Apollinaria Vasnetsov's "Twilight"; Vasily Polenov's "Winter. Imochentsy"; Mikhail Vrubel's "Girl on a Persian Carpet"; Pavel Fedotov's "Players". Also worth noting are the contributions from other private collections of Oskar Hansen, Bogdan and Varvara Khanenko, and the Drawing School of Nikolai Murashko. The nationalization of cultural values ​​carried out by the authorities formed a collection of the museum fund, which consisted mainly of works of art of Russian artistic culture. Soon the museum was replenished with works from the Central Museum Fund, which sent exhibits from the Leningrad and Moscow archives. The former city museum and the art cabinet of Kyiv University supplemented the gallery's collection. Over the course of a decade since the opening of the gallery, significant changes in subject matter and profile have occurred through exchanges with other museums. The collection was replenished with works by A. Arkhipov, A. Rylov, V. Bialynitsky-Birulya, K. Yuon, N. Roerich, K. Somov, P. Konchalovsky, R. Falk, I. Repin, V. Makovsky, N. Ge, M. Vrubel, D. Levitsky and V. Borovikovsky. Since 1930, the museum has been positioned as the National Art Gallery, since the exposition presented not only Russian, but also modern Ukrainian and Western European art. In 1936, the museum was renamed the "Kiev State Museum of Russian Art", the exhibition of which was presented by works from the 1939th to the early 1940th centuries. In XNUMX, a department of modern works by Soviet artists was created in the museum. In XNUMX, the gallery was one of the best art exhibitions in the Soviet Union.

During the Great Patriotic War, the museum lost approximately 1500 art objects, including works by I. Aivazovsky, K. Flavitsky, L. Solomatkin, A. Savrasov, A. Bogolyubov, I. Shishkin, I. Levitan, A. Kuindzhi, V. Polenov, I. Ostroukhov, N. Ge, I. Kramskoy, N. Kuznetsov, N. Kasatkin, M. Vrubel, A. Lentulov, K. Petrov-Vodkin, A. Rylov, works of ancient Russian art, and icons from the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. However, the main collection was saved before the arrival of German troops in Kyiv and hidden in the city of Ufa.

After the war, the state was actively involved in reviving the museum. Museums in Moscow and Leningrad, the Hermitage, and the State Art Museum of Belarus helped restore the exposition. Paintings were purchased from collectors, artists' families, at auctions and exhibitions. The museum was replenished with paintings by A. Savrasov, N. Kramskoy, N. Ge, M. Klodt, A. Plastov, S. Chuikov, S. Gerasimov, M. Saryan, Yu. Pimenov, P. Konchalovsky, V. Serov, Z. Serebryakova, N. Roerich and others. Donations from individuals to the museum were especially valuable for the museum. M. Gorky's widow E. Peshkova donated Abram Arkhipov's Young Peasant Woman in a Yellow Scarf, and Alexander Tulchinsky (a Kiev collector and philanthropist) donated Konstantin Korovin's Roses on the Terrace. In 1986, the museum received approximately 300 works by Russian artists of the late 1960th – early 1980th centuries from the will of Kyiv pediatrician, Professor David Lazarevich Sigalov. This event became the most significant enrichment in the history of the museum, as a gift from a private person. Thus, the gallery acquired works by K. Somov, B. Kustodiev, Z. Serebryakova, M. Saryan, P. Kuznetsov, S. Sudeikin, B. Grigoriev, N. Sapunov, N. Tarkhov. In the period from 1960 to 1980, the museum was mainly filled with paintings of contemporary Soviet art: B. Ioganson, S. Ryangina, S. Chuikov, S. Gerasimov, A. Deineka, Yu. Pimenov, A. Plastov, N. Romadin, A. Gritsai, as well as masters of the following generations who expressed new artistic trends in the XNUMXs-XNUMXs: A. Nikich, G. Korzhev, V. Popkov, I. Popov, N. Andronov, V. Stozharov, P. Ossovsky, V. Ivanov, D. Zhilinsky, E. Moiseenko, N. Eryshev, E. Romanova, N. Nazarenko, N. Nesterova, V. Kalinin, A. Sitnikov, M. Romadin and others.

About the building of the Kyiv National Museum of Russian Art

In 1878, the house was built according to the design of the architect V.N. Nikolaev. The famous Kiev architect, who graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, demonstrated his talent in the designs of many buildings in the city. In 1880, the owner of the building, M. Chaplinskaya, sold the house and the adjacent territory to the famous industrialist and sugar producer F.A. Tereshchenko. In 1882-1884, the building was reconstructed and the interior was decorated according to the design of academician A.L. Gun from St. Petersburg. The construction work was managed by V.N. Nikolaev, and the decoration was done by representatives of the furniture company "MELTZER & Co", sculptors Schwartz, Botta, artist Sidikov. A special extension was added to the building, which was intended for a future private art exhibition. The facade of the mansion is made in the neo-Greek style.

In 1885, the family moved to a new home, and soon Fedor Tereshchenko and his second wife Nadezhda had children: Nadezhda, Fedor, and Natalia. In 1894, Fedor died and his son was appointed the owner of the building by his will. In 1899, the location of the mansion, Alekseyevskaya Street, was renamed Tereshchenkovskaya. In 1903, the widow bought the neighboring house. During World War I, a hospital was founded in the building. After the family left in 1918 after the revolution, the building was used to house: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Central Rada, the office of the Skoropadsky government and the Directory, the headquarters of the Red Army, Denikin's army, Dragomirov, the Polish machine gun company, the Revolutionary Tribunal of the 14th Corps of the Red Army.

In 1919, the Government Commissariat issued a security order “for the premises occupied by the art gallery on Tereshchenkovskaya Street,” stating that “all artistic and historical valuables are under the jurisdiction of the People’s Commissariat of Education and are not subject to requisition or occupation by other departments.”

Since 1919, the name of Tereshchenkovska Street in Kyiv has been changed to: Herzen, Chudnovsky, since 1955 – Repina Street, and in 1992 again – Tereshchenkovska.

For 80 years the building was used as a museum. Today the building has undergone some changes. The main facade has lost its caryatids, balconies, parapets, and the interior has also changed. In 1983, near Museum of Russian Painting in Kyiv a monument to I.E. Repin, a gift from the Russian Federation for the 1500th anniversary of the city of Kyiv, was placed. The sculpture was made by Moscow master O. Komov.

About the Tereshchenko family, the founders of the museum Russian fine arts in Kiev

Fyodor Tereshchenko was born in 1832. He made his initial capital in timber and grain trade. Having invested in the promising sugar production industry, he became a millionaire. In 1870, after Emperor Alexander II awarded the Tereshchenko family the title of nobility, the family moved from their native Glukhov (Chernigov region) to Moscow, and in 1874 – to Kyiv. During this period, the father transferred the rights to manage the company to his sons Nikolai, Fyodor, Semyon, who organized the largest sugar industry enterprise in the Russian Empire.

The family was actively involved in charity. The construction of churches, improvement of city infrastructure, construction of houses and shelters for the poor, a gymnasium, a city museum - this is not a complete list of the good deeds of famous philanthropists.

Fyodor became interested in art when the family still lived in Glukhov. This hobby was also adopted by his sons. Over approximately 25 years of collecting, the head of the family made personal acquaintances with famous artists and art connoisseurs. The list of F. Tereshchenko's collection is completely unknown. Of the paintings that are now presented in the Kiev National Museum of Russian Art, he acquired "Nikolai Myra Saves Three Innocent Convicts from Death Penalty" (1890); "The Contemplator" (1876); "Girl with a Cat" (1882) by I. Kramskoy; "Spy" by V. Vereshchagin; "Road in the Field" (1869) by M. Klodt; "Winter in the Forest (Hoarfrost)" (1877); "Neglected Park in Marienburg" (1878) by Y. Klever; «At the Foot of Kazbek» (1891) by A. Kiselev; «The Nature Reserve. Pine Forest» (1881); «Twilight» (1874); «Forest Stream» (1874) by I. Shishkin; «Early Snow. Bekhovo» (1891) by V. Polenov; «Night on the Don» (1882) by A. Kuindzhi; paintings by V. Perov «The Holy Fool, (1875,1879); «On the Eve of the Hen-Party» (1870); by V. Makovsky «Fair in the Ukraine» (1882) and «The Hen-Party» (1882); by K. Lemokh «Girl with a Cat»; by A. Kharlamov «Italian Boy with a Book» (1877); by P. Svedomsky «Buried in Flowers» (1886); "Poprishchin" (1882) by I. Repin; "Peasant with a Bridle. Mina Moiseyev" by I. Kramskoy (1883), "Female Student" by N. Yaroshenko (1883).

The art gallery was sometimes open to the public, and on such days the number of visitors sometimes reached 1000 people.

On June 15, 1894, Fyodor Tereshchenko died, and the funeral procession was accompanied by all of Kyiv.

Museum of Russian Art in Kyiv today

At present, the museum's collection consists of approximately 12 exhibits. 000 halls house exhibitions of works from different periods:

• Art of the 13th-17th centuries;
• Art of the 18th century;
• Art of the first half of the 19th century;
• Art of the second half of the 19th century;
• Art of the late 19th - early 20th century;
• Art of the XNUMXth century.

The most famous artists represented in the museum are:

I. Aivazovsky, D. Levitsky, V. Tropinin, V. Serov, V. Perov, V. Makovsky, A. Deineka, V. Vasnetsov, I. Repin, M. Antokolsky, V. Vereshchagin, M. Vrubel, N. Ge, I. Shishkin, V. Borovikovsky.

Among the masterpieces that have received universal recognition, we can highlight: M. Vrubel's "Girl on a Persian Carpet", V. Vasnetsov's "Three Princesses of the Underground Kingdom", I. Shishkin's "In the Wild North...", I. Aivazovsky's "Storm".

Among the ancient monuments, it is worth noting the unique icon of the pre-Mangol period “Boris and Gleb”, which was made in the first half of the 13th century.

The Soviet period is reflected in the works of artists not only from Russia and Ukraine, but also from other republics of the former USSR. Among them: L. Swamp, V. Ozols, S. Dzhyaukstas, T. Narimanbekov, D. Bayramov, M. Aslamazyan, L. Bazhbeuk-Melikyan, D. Mirzashvili, M. Savitsky, M. Greku, T. Yablonskaya, P. Ossovsky, V. Stozharov, B. Ioganson, S. Ryangina, S. Chuikov, S. Gerasimov, Yu. Pimenov, A. Plastov, N. Romadin, A. Gritsay, A. Nikich, G. Korzhev, V. Popkov, I. Popov, N. Andronov, V. Stozharov, P. Ossovsky, V. Ivanov, D. Zhilinsky, E. Moiseenko, N. Eryshev, E. Romanova, N. Nazarenko, N. Nesterova, V. Kalinin, A. Sitnikov, M. Romadin.

We invite you to take a virtual tour of the Kyiv National Museum of Russian Art, look at photos of other exhibits on official museum site.

Read information about the Russian Museum of Kyiv on the page Wikipedia.

 
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On the map the address where the museum of Russian art is located: Kyiv, Tereshchenkovska st., 9.

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